摘 要

共同市场支配地位是反垄断法中的重要概念，对其滥用行为需要予以专门的法律规制。与单一主体滥用行为不同，滥用共同市场支配地位意为两个以上经营者利用集体市场优势地位实施共同策略的反竞争行为；但又不同于垄断协议等类型化的多方行为，滥用共同市场支配地位的市场主体为寡占市场中的寡头企业，且寡头企业实施共同策略时，无须意思联络或信息交流。滥用共同市场支配地位的行为实质为寡头企业实施了损害竞争的平行行为。由此可知，滥用共同市场支配地位的概念内涵较为丰富，必须构建与其法律特征相匹配的反垄断规制路径。我国现行《反垄断法》关于滥用共同市场支配地位的规定，仅以经营者合计市场份额来推定共同市场支配地位，相关法律尚未明确界定共同市场支配地位的内涵。此外，我国市场监管总局于2019年颁行的部门规章——《禁止滥用市场支配地位行为暂行规定》，相关法条以列举的方式明确了认定共同市场支配地位应纳入考虑的因素，譬如市场结构、相关市场透明度等。然而以这种列表检查式的方法分析所有因素，并不足以支撑共同市场支配地位的认定，因其未能充分揭示寡头依赖的内在动机。而另一方面，目前我国关于规制滥用共同市场支配地位的理论学说寥寥无几。因立法的不完善以及理论研究的粗浅，致使我国规制滥用共同市场支配地位的反垄断实践常陷于法律适用不能的困境。综上，基于理论与实践的共同需求，有必要对我国滥用共同市场支配地位的反垄断规制展开系统研究。本文以滥用共同市场支配地位的违法构成要件，也即共同市场支配地位的认定标准为研究重点。概括而言，全文共分为以下6个部分：

首先为绪论，主要提出研究对象为滥用共同市场支配地位的反垄断规制。先后阐释了本文的选题背景与研究意义、归纳国内外研究现状、释明本文的研究方法并指出研究的创新与不足之处。

第1章提出问题。首先通过共同市场支配地位的反垄断法界定，阐释并比较相似垄断行为的异同，以明确滥用共同市场支配地位的内涵与外延；再通过我国相关立法与实践概况的总结，指出我国目前规制滥用共同市场支配地位存在的问题。由于立法的不完善及反垄断实践经验的不足，在执法实践中尚未明确滥用共同市场支配地位的违法构成要件——共同市场支配地位的认定。

第2章为寡头垄断经济学理论的介绍。深入了解寡头垄断经济学理论的发展沿革，借此阐释滥用共同市场支配地位的成因。并以寡头依赖理论为基础，对有助于共同市场支配地位认定的相关因素进行分析。

第3章为欧美规制滥用共同市场支配地位的立法与实践经验总结。本章节重点援引欧盟关于共同市场支配地位认定的典型案例，并归纳其在判例法中确定的共同市场支配地位的认定标准，也即寡占市场特征须符合：市场高度透明、存在制衡机制以及无外部竞争约束。

第4章为我国完善滥用共同市场支配地位的规制提出具体建议。通过前文研究成果的借鉴，分别在反垄断立法和实践层面提出完善建议。完善重点在于共同市场支配地位的认定标准，以及构建规制滥用共同市场支配地位的法律分析框架。

最后为结语，对全文行文思路进行总结，并充分肯定本文研究的理论意义和现实价值。

ABSTRACT

As an important concept in the anti-monopoly law, collective market dominance requires special legal regulation for its abuse. Different from the abuse of a single subject, abuse of the dominant position in the common market means that more than two operators use the dominant position in the collective market to implement common strategies against competition.  However, it is different from various types of behaviors such as monopoly agreements. The market subjects abusing the dominant position of the common market are oligopolistic enterprises in oligopolistic markets, and oligopolistic enterprises do not need to communicate with each other or exchange information when implementing common strategies. The abuse of the dominant position in the common market is actually a parallel act that damages competition by oligarchs. From this, we can see that the concept of abusing the dominant position of the common market is rich in connotation, and we must construct an anti-monopoly regulation path that matches its legal characteristics. China's current "Anti-monopoly Law" on the abuse of the dominant position of the common market stipulates that the dominant position of the common market is presumed only by the total market share of the operators. The relevant laws have not yet clearly defined the connotation of the dominant position of the common market. In addition, the department regulation issued by China's General Administration of Market Supervision in 2019-Interim Provisions on Prohibiting Abuse of Dominant Market Position-specifies, by way of enumeration, the factors to be taken into account in determining the dominant market position of the common market, such as market structure, transparency of relevant markets, etc. However, the analysis of all factors by this tabulation method is not sufficient to support the determination of the dominant position of the common market because it fails to fully reveal the intrinsic motivation of oligarch dependence. On the other hand, there are few theories about regulating abuse of dominant position in the common market. Due to imperfect legislation and superficial theoretical research, China's anti-monopoly practice of regulating abuse of the dominant position of the common market is often caught in a dilemma where the law cannot be applied. To sum up, based on the common demand of theory and practice, it is necessary to conduct a systematic study on the anti-monopoly regulation of abuse of the dominant position of the common market in China. This article focuses on the illegal elements of abusing the dominant position of the common market, that is, the criteria for determining the dominant position of the common market. In summary, the full text is divided into the following six parts:

The first part is the introduction, which mainly puts forward that the research object is the anti-monopoly regulation of abusing the dominant position of the common market. This paper has explained the background and significance of this topic, summarized the research status at home and abroad, explained the research methods of this paper, and pointed out the innovation and shortcomings of the research.

Chapter 1 raises questions. Firstly, through the definition of the anti-monopoly law of the dominant position of the common market, the similarities and differences of similar monopoly behaviors are explained and compared, so as to clarify the connotation and extension of abusing the dominant position of the common market. Then through the summary of relevant legislation and practice in our country, it points out the problems existing in the current regulation of abuse of the dominant position of the common market. Due to the imperfection of legislation and the lack of practical experience in anti-monopoly, the determination of the dominant position of the common market, which is the illegal constituent element of abuse of the dominant position of the common market, has not been clearly defined in law enforcement practice.

Chapter 2 introduces the theory of oligopoly economics.  In order to explain the reasons for abusing the dominant position of the common market, we should have a thorough understanding of the development and evolution of oligopoly economics.  Based on the theory of oligarch dependence, this paper analyzes the relevant factors that contribute to the determination of the dominant position in the common market.

Chapter 3 is the summary of legislation and practical experience in Europe and America to regulate abuse of the dominant position of the common market.  This chapter focuses on citing typical EU cases on the determination of the dominant position of the common market, and summarizes the criteria for determining the dominant position of the common market determined in case law, i.e. the characteristics of oligopolistic market must conform to: highly transparent market, existence of checks and balances mechanism and absence of external competition constraints.

Chapter 4 puts forward specific suggestions for China to perfect the regulation of abusing the dominant position of the common market.  Based on the previous research results, the author puts forward some suggestions on anti-monopoly legislation and practice.  The focus of perfection lies in the criteria for determining the dominant position of the common market and the construction of a legal analysis framework to regulate the abuse of the dominant position of the common market.

The last part is the conclusion, which summarizes the whole article and fully affirms the theoretical significance and practical value of this study.