改革开放以来，随着市场化、工业化、城市化的进一步推进，土地征收越来越成为关系到国计民生的一个重要的现实课题。一方面，中国的社会主义现代化建设因为土地资源的进一步开发和利用得以不断稳步向前，可以说，土地征收带来了中国社会经济的长足发展。但另一方面，在社会经济高速发展的背后，因土地征收所引发的一系列社会问题，同样值得关注。土地征收过程中的一系列社会问题，严重地阻碍了社会主义现代化建设的进程，同时也在一定程度上破坏了社会主义和谐社会的构建。总体看来，妥善处理土地征收过程中的现实问题，其重要的前提就是进一步完善现行土地征收政策。改革开放以来，尽管中国多次对现行土地征收政策进行改革和完善，但仍然存在着诸多影响市场经济发展以及社会主义现代化建设的现实问题。尤其是自中国共产党提出构建社会主义和谐社会以来，土地征收政策的改革进程更是远远落后于其他领域内的改革速度，成为了构建社会主义和谐社会的重要障碍。本文从构建社会主义和谐社会这一大的现实背景出发，详尽分析了中国土地征收政策的历史进程及基本现状。通过对现行土地征收政策存在的问题的分析，以构建社会主义和谐社会为基本视域，提出了进一步改革和完善现有土地征收政策的基本构想和现实路径。本文主要分为五个部分：第一部分，绪论，主要对本文的选题背景、选题意义、研究现状、研究方法以及论文的不足之处作了简要的介绍。第二部分，相关理论基础，主要对本文涉及到的相关概念、理论进行了初步的阐释，如何为土地征收，土地征收与土地征用的区别，和谐社会的理论溯源，社会主义和谐社会理论，以及和谐社会与土地征收的相关性分析等。第三部分，新中国土地征收政策的发展历程，简要回顾了新中国成立以来土地征收政策的发展演变，重点对改革开放以来的土地征收政策进行了分析，其中对构建社会主义和谐社会时期的土地征收政策的改革更是重中之重。第四部分，中国现行土地征收政策存在的问题，如土地征收程序简化，资源配置混乱；公共利益标准不清，滥用征收权利；征收补偿标准较低，无法有效补偿；补偿方式单一，补偿金分配不到位等。第五部分，和谐社会视域下完善土地征收政策的思考，如重视并完善规划环节；明确界定“公共利益”，规定严格的公益认定程序；提高补偿安置标准，确定“公正补偿”原则；重视程序正义，保护民众的程序性权利；完善救济机制，加大制裁力度。

Since the reform and opening-up, the land expropriation has been a crucial task concerning the national economy and people's livelihood with the advance of the marketization, urbanization, and industrialization. For one thing, China’s socialist construction of modernization sustained development because of land expropriation, for another, we must pay close attention to the problems about land expropriation. These problems hinder socialist construction of modernization seriously, and impede building harmonious socialist society.In general, it’s necessary to improve and perfect our current land expropriation institution, because it is one premise to bring to a satisfactory settlement of land expropriation. Since the reform and opening-up, our government has ever reformed and consummate land expropriation institution many times, but problems still exist. Since CPC put forward building harmonious socialist society, the reform process of land expropriation institution appears to be more slowly, and greatly impedes building harmonious socialist society.This thesis analyses the historical progress and present situation about China’s land expropriation institution in the background of building harmonious socialist society. The thesis proposes some basic ideas and practical paths to reform and perfect current land expropriation institution by means of analyzing these problems.This thesis mainly has five parts. The first part is introduction, concerning the thesis’s research background, research status, research methods, and deficiencies. The second part is the thesis’s theory foundation, concerning some concept, theory about this thesis, such as land expropriation, land acquisition, harmonious society and socialist harmonious society, the dependency between harmonious society and land expropriation. The third part is about new China’s land expropriation institution development progress. This part briefly reviews the evolution of new China’s land expropriation institution, especially analyses the period from the reform and opening-up to now, and the period of building harmonious socialist society. The fourth part mainly concerns to some problems about China’s current land expropriation institution, such as the simple land expropriation procedure, the disordered allocation of resources; the ill-defined public interest standard, the abuse of collection of rights; the low collection standard; the single compensation way, the compensatory amounts omission; and so on. The last part is about how to perfect current land expropriation institution, such as pay attention to improving the planning section, clearly define the public interest, strict rules on public recognition procedure, improve the standard of compensation and resettlement, determination of just compensation principle, protection of procedural rights of people, Improve the relief mechanism, and tighten sanctions, and so on.