在当今新的社会经济条件下，个体如何面对职业的不稳定性成为亟待解决的问题，为了适应新的社会形势，提高大学生就业能力，解决大学生就业难的问题，本研究以大学生职业决策自我效能为因变量，探索亲子沟通、未来时间洞察力对其的影响作用机制。研究选取了四川地区三所高校大二年级多个专业的一千多名被试，通过填写大学生亲子沟通模式问卷、未来时间洞察力问卷和职业决策自我效能量表，来调查他们的亲子沟通模式、未来时间洞察力和职业决策自我效能发展状况和相互关系。通过独立样本T检验、相关分析、回归分析、重复测量、交叉滞后等数据处理方法，对数据进行了分析。横向研究通过910名学生的数据，对亲子沟通、未来时间洞察力和职业决策自我效能三者的关系进行了研究。结果表明大学生亲子沟通中的对话定向沟通、未来时间洞察力和职业决策自我效能两两相关；未来时间洞察力在亲子沟通的对话模式沟通与职业决策自我效能的关系中起部分中介作用。同时，我们也对大学生的未来时间洞察力和职业决策自我效能进行了追踪研究。通过长达一年的追踪，和对409名学生有效数据的分析，得到研究结果。结果表明，中国大学生的未来时间洞察力和职业决策自我效能随着时间的增长而发生变化，大三上学期的职业决策自我效能处于较低状态；未来时间洞察力和职业决策自我效能之间互为因果。

The present study aims to find out the mechanism of how parent-child communication and future time perspective have effect on career decision-making self-efficacy among college students. The sample consists of over a thousand sophomores from three colleges in Sichuan province. The present study is a tracking one and the measures of the three variables are Revised Family Communication Patterns (RFCP) for parent-child communication only at Time 1 (the second semester of sophomores), and both Future Time Perspective Questionnaire for future time perspective and Career Decision-making Self-efficacy Scale for career decision-making self-efficacy were collected three times. The author use independent-samples t test, correlation analysis, regression analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance, and cross-lagged panel analysis to deal with the data. The present study contains two researches. With a sample of 900 students, the cross-sectional one aims to investigate the relationships among the three variables and the author find that (a) conversation-orientation communication (one of the dimensions of parent-child communication), future time perspective, and career decision-making self-efficacy are correlated with each other and (b) future time perspective partially mediating the relationship between the conversation dimension of parent-child communication and career decision-making self-efficacy. The other one is a longitudinal study about future time perspective and career decision-making self-efficacy. After a year’s tracking, with 409 effective data, the result shows that (a) the future time perspective and career decision-making self-efficacy ability of China’s college students changed over time, and especially in the first semester of juniors, the later variable was in a rather low condition; (b) these two variables are reciprocal causation.