本研究以位于喀斯特地区的典型高原深水湖泊--红枫湖为研究对象，利用现有的污染源解析技术，探索适用于底泥重金属污染源解析的技术方法体系，进一步确定红枫湖表层底泥中重金属的来源及贡献率，在此基础上研究红枫湖在不同历史时期重金属的来源及其变迁，为红枫湖及其他湖泊的重金属污染防治提供更具针对性、科学性的支持。该研究主要成果如下：重金属的空间分布特征分析表明，铜和铅的浓度分布呈现整个湖区渐变的趋势，即从支流到南北湖连接区逐渐升高；而锰、砷和汞呈现出局域化的分布趋势，其他重金属的分布趋势不显著。利用富集系数评价红枫湖的重金属的污染状况表明，底泥中大部分重金属的平均含量超过背景值，但是还未达到严重污染的程度，但是在个别采样点已达到较严重的污染程度，尤其是镉、铅、锰和汞元素。根据重金属在红枫湖的分布特征和污染程度可以将整个湖区分为三个区：南湖、北湖及南北湖连接区，南北湖连接区污染程度最高，其次是北湖，南湖污染程度最低。对比验证主成分/绝对主成分得分(PCA/APCS)法和化学质量平衡模型(CMB)得到结果表明，总量上两种方法得到的解析结果基本一致，说明解析方法可行解析结果可靠。但是在本研究中因为有污染源成分谱， 所以CMB模型的解析结果更加清晰明确而更显优势。污染源解析结果表明支流的污染源组成简单，湖区中的采样点污染源组合更复杂。这不仅与实际的污染源构成相关，还与水体运动引起的污染物迁移转化相关。对底泥中重金属贡献最大的是自然背景值，其次是采矿业和化工业。南湖支流中的重金属主要来源于自然背景值的贡献，而北湖支流中的重金属主要来自于人类活动的贡献，尤其是采矿业。对于湖区中的采样点，自然背景值仍然是一个重要的贡献源，而且自然背景的贡献率与污染程度负相关。在污染最严重过的南北湖连接区（HF3和HF4），金属冶炼也是一个显著的贡献源，这个主要的贡献源可以具体为分布在湖区边缘的火力发电厂产生的煤渣。综上研究结果表明源对汇的影响由源的排放量和源与汇之间的分布格局共同决定。通过分析底泥重金属垂直分布特征，铅和锰都在最近十几年中急剧增加，铅的增加可能与交通污染相关，而锰的增加可能与流域内制药行业的发展有关。铜、砷和汞的最低值都出现在表层的底泥中，说明这几种重金属的排放在最近十几年中得到了有效的控制。运用CMB对底泥各个分层中的重金属来源进行解析，结果表明采矿业和化工业对底泥重金属的贡献率较大，而且随着时间迁移污染源贡献率的变化趋势不一样。在采样点HF1，采矿业的贡献率随着时间逐渐降低，而化工的贡献随着时间逐渐增加，这主要跟经济发展带动的产业调整有关。在HF4点，化工业的贡献率随时间逐渐降低，而且采矿业和化工业的贡献率变化趋势都比较平缓，这可能与水体运动对污染物的缓冲作用有关。

Hongfeng Reservoir, as a typical deep lake and located in Karst area, was selected as our study area. The purpose of this study including as follows. Based on the source apportionment techniques for atmospheric particulate matter, a series of techniques suitable for metal apportionment in sediment should be applied. Then the main sources and source contributions of heavy metals in surface sediment should be qualitatively identified and quantitatively calculated. Based on the suitable techniques, the sources of metals in vertical profiles sediment should be determined. And the change of contribution of these sources vs. different historical periods should be discussed to provide scientific and targeted prevention suggestions of metal pollution for Hongfeng Reservoir and other lakes.The main results of this study are as follows. The spatial distribution analysis of heavy metals showed that the distribution pattern of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) distribution appeared a gradual trend at the entire lake scale. The concentration of Cu and Pb gradually rises from tributaries to connection area between Southern Lake and Northern Lake. However, the distribution pattern of manganese (Mn), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) showed more local. The trends of distribution patterns of other metals in this study were not significant. The result of pollution assessment by using enrichment factor (EF) showed that the average concentrations of most metals were higher than the background values. Even though the total pollution level has not reached serious level, for some specific sites metal has a serious polluted by metals, especially by cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg). According to the characteristics of distribution pattern and pollution pattern of metals in Hongfeng Reservoir, the whole reservoir can be divided into three zones: the highest Southern Lake, Northern Lake and connection area Southern Lake and Northern Lake. The most serious pollution zone is the connection area Southern Lake and Northern Lake. The followed zone is Northern Lake. Comparison of the results obtained from Principle Component Analysis/Absolute Principle Component Score (PCA/APCS) and Chemical Mass Balance model (CMB) showed the results were consistent and these two methods were reliable. In addition, CMB model has advantage when the sources profiles was available, because its’ results were more specific. The sources compositions for sites in reservoir were more complicated than which in tributaries. This is maybe attributed to not only real sources but also the migration of metals induced by water movement. The most significant contributor was background, followed by Mining and Chemical Industry. The results obtained from CMB showed that natural background and human activity respectively influence on the sites in southern tributaries and in northern tributaries. For the sites in reservoir, natural background was still the main contributor. And the contribution of natural background was negatively related to the pollution level. For the sites in the most serious polluted area—connection between Northern Lake and Southern Lake, Metal Smelting was identified as a main contributor. And the source can be specific to the cinder from a thermal power plant in the edge of the lake. Conclusion from above analysis was that the contribution of a specific source on a specific site was determined by not only the emissions from the source but also the distribution pattern between the source and the sink. The analysis of metals in vertical sediment profiles showed that Pb and Mn have increased dramatically in last years. The increase of Pb and Mn may respectively associate with the development of traffic and the pharmaceutical industry in the study area. The lowest concentration of Cu, As and Hg in surface sediment layer indicated that the emission of these metal have been effectively controlled in the past ten years. The source apportionment results for metals in vertical profiles showed that Mining and Chemical Industry were the two main sources and the change trends of their contribution was different over time. At site HF1, the contribution of Mining was decreasing, while the contribution of Chemical Industry was increasing. This is can be attributed the development of economic and adjustment of industries. At site HF4, the contribution of Chemical Industry gradually decreased. In addition, the change of contribution of Mining and Chemical Industry was weak. This may be attributed to the buffering effect of water movement on metal concentration.