采用创伤相关羞耻量表、创伤相关内疚量表、创伤后应激障碍症状核查表、创伤后成长问卷和亲社会行为问卷对540名近半年内经历过创伤的大学生进行三次追踪调查，考察创伤相关羞耻和内疚对其亲社会行为的影响，并检验创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和创伤后成长(PTG)的中介作用。结果显示，创伤相关羞耻直接负向预测亲社会行为，并且通过PTSD、PTG的中介负向预测亲社会行为；创伤相关内疚正向预测亲社会行为，通过PTSD负向预测亲社会行为，通过PTG正向预测亲社会行为。通过对比的视角考察了羞耻和内疚对亲社会行为的不同作用，发现了内疚对亲社会行为产生“双刃剑效应”的影响机制，为大学生创伤后亲社会行为的干预提供依据。

This study conducted three follow-up surveys using the Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory, Trauma-Related Shame Inventory, PCL-5, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire to investigate the effects of trauma-related shame and guilt on prosocial behavior among 540 college students who had experienced trauma within the past six months. The study also examined the mediating effects of PTSD and posttraumatic growth (PTG).

The findings indicated that trauma-related shame had a significant negative effect on prosocial behavior, predicting a decrease, and it also negatively influenced prosocial behavior through both PTSD and PTG pathways. Conversely, trauma-related guilt had a beneficial impact on prosocial behavior, predicting an increase. While guilt negatively predicted prosocial behavior through PTSD, it positively predicted prosocial behavior through PTG.

By comparing the different effects of shame and guilt on prosocial behavior, this study identified a mechanism of the "double-edged sword" effect of guilt on prosocial behavior and provided a basis for interventions to promote prosocial behavior among college students who have experienced trauma.