阅读是人类发展过程中新出现的技能，在生活和学习中起着重要作用。过去的研究发现阅读相关的脑区主要集中在左侧大脑，包括腹侧颞枕区、颞顶联合区、左侧额下回以及皮层下的基底神经节和丘脑等区域。任务态的功能连接研究发现这些脑区的活动或者灰白质属性会随着年龄的增加而发生变化，也有基于任务的磁共振研究发现正常群体在进行阅读任务时相关脑区之间存在协同工作，并且阅读障碍儿童的协同工作能力较差。然而，任务态的功能连接研究受到任务选择、被试参与程度等因素的影响，并不能准确反映大脑固有的功能连接情况。而静息态功能连接(resting-state functional connectivity)研究大脑安静状态下脑区的自发神经活动，这一指标能够很好地反映不同脑区之间固有的连接以及与外在行为的关联。目前，对阅读网络发展状况并不是很清楚。当前研究拟在儿童和成人群体上通过静息态功能连接的指标对阅读网络的发展进行深入细致的研究。三种不同的方法同时使用，包括基于体素的全脑静息态功能连接分析，基于种子点的功能连接分析，种子点功能连接脑图叠加分析。第一二种方法用于探讨阅读网络的群组差异，第三种方法用于发现阅读网络的核心脑区以及成人和儿童有差异的脑区。研究结果显示，1)成人的阅读网络表现为皮层上脑区之间连接增强，皮层上和皮层下连接降低；而儿童阅读网络表现出相反的模式，皮层上脑区之间连接较弱，皮层上和皮层下连接较强。2)成人阅读网络表现出更成熟的左侧化模式而且能预测阅读能力，而儿童的阅读网络左侧化有待于发展；3)成人和儿童阅读核心脑区差异较大的地方位于顶下小叶，该脑区负责形音转换，说明儿童的语音能力仍处于发展之中。当前研究的结果具有理论和实践价值。

Reading is a relatively new skill for human beings, playing an important role in modern life and work. Previous research found that reading-related brain areas are mainly located in the left hemisphere, including the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (also called visual word form area, VWFA), the posterior part of superior temporal gyrus/temporo-parietal junction and the inferior frontal gyrus. Task-based functional MRI showed that the activation and gray/white matter in these area change with age and development. Also, task-based functional connectivity studies found that there are some interactions between reading-related regions in normal population but not in people with dyslexia. However, functional connectivity in task-based fMRI cannot accurately reflect the intrinsic brain connection because of task-choosing, the participation degree of subjects and some other confusing factors. But resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) focuses on spontaneous activity of brain in rest and past studies indicated that this index is considerably reliable to show the intrinsic interaction between brain regions and consistently predicts behavioral performance of subjects. And previous scientific studies of reading have not examined the development of reading brain network using functional connectivity. Based on the all aforementioned, current study investigated systematically the development of reading network using RSFC in children and adults. Three methods were used in this study, seed-based whole-brain RSFC analysis, voxel-based RSFC analysis and seed-based RSFC overlapping analysis. Results showed that 1) in adults, the RSFCs between cortical reading-related areas are stronger than those in children; but RSFCs between cortical and subcortical areas are weaker in adults compared with children. 2) Unlike children, adults have more mature lateralization pattern of reading network. 3) The largest difference in key reading-related regions is left inferior parietal lobe (LIPL) between children and adults, and this brain regions are responsible for orthography-to-phonology, which indicates that phonological processing ability in children are in development. Current results have values in theory and application.