清代前期中央监察体系的监察机构主要为都察院与六科，二者在监察职能上各自有所侧重，是相辅相成的关系。 清代前期中央监察体系的主体为科道官员。早在关外的崇德时期，都察院官员就开始登上清初政治舞台并发挥其自身作用。顺治朝，科道官员在复杂的满汉关系中进行着不屈不挠的抗争。在多尔衮摄政时期言路曾一度活跃，但在遏制和打击下又逐渐趋于沉寂。顺治帝亲政后，科道官为其清理官僚队伍发挥了作用，但也屡次在所谓“结党”问题上受到重点警诫，在复杂的政治斗争中被其加以利用。 对于科道官重要的风闻言事权，康熙朝一仍顺治朝之旧，不予支持，甚至曾经禁止，直至康熙二十六年（1687）末才取消了禁令。科道官在康熙朝的政局中不断有所表现，还对康熙朝的储位问题予以了极大关注。尽管如此，实质上对于科道官的建言是鼓励支持还是打击压制，往往与康熙帝解决某些问题的迫切政治需要密切相关，康熙帝始终牢牢掌控着言路的收与放。 雍正初年，实行台省合一，清代前期中央监察体系发生重大变革。台省合一重塑中央监察体系的格局，影响了六科其它效能的发挥，使其封驳权也变得更为局限。此外，伴随着皇权的不断加强，雍正帝推广密折奏事，设立军机处并大量采用廷寄，这些都不可避免地对监察权有所削弱，导致其地位下降。

The Chief Surveillance Office and the Six Offices of Scrutiny were major organizations in the central supervision systems of the early Qing dynasty. The two organizations had different emphases on the monitoring function. The relationship was complementary between them. Supervisory officials were the main subject of the central supervision systems. During the early period of Chongde outside Shanhaiguan，supervisory officials boarded the political arena of the early Qing dynasty and played an important role. During the period of Shunzhi dynasty，supervisory officials struggled in the complex relationship between Manchuria and Han. During the reign of Duoergun, supervisory officials expressed their views actively, but later they were suppressed and then remained silent. During the reign of Emperor Shunzhi, Emperor Shunzhi cleaned up the officials team, and supervisory officials played important roles. Emperor Shunzhi repeated warnings to supervisory officials in order to prevent them from clique. Not only that, Emperor Shunzh also took advantage of them in the complex political struggle. Supervisory officials had such a power that they could impeach according to what had they heard. But they didn’t get support in Kangxi dynasty as they did in Shunzhi dynasty. The ban wasn’t lifted until the twenty-sixth of Kangxi. Therefore supervisory officials were active. They were extremely concerned about the problem of crown prince. Despite this, the truth was that Emperor Kangxi had always control the situation. Everything was related to the political issues that Emperor Kangxi need to solve. In the first year of Yongzheng, the Six Offices of Scrutiny were under the division of the C.S.O, and Circuits and Offices of Scrutiny became one organization, which made the central supervision systems fundamentally changed. The Six Offices of Scrutiny were influenced greatly. In addition to this，Emperor Yongzheng gave more officials the power of using palace memorials and set up Grand Council. These measures had weakened the power of supervision deeply.