日俄战争时期，清政府宣布局外中立，长期以来被认为是清政府腐败无能的典型表现。我们将清政府中立政策放在当时的历史语境中去观察，可以发现清政府在国内外各种势力与立场博弈中，面对种种压力宣布“局外中立”，实属无能且无奈之举。战争爆发后，清政府希望通过援引公法颁布中立条规明确自身的权利并针对日俄违反中立的现象进行反复交涉。因此，我们需要重新审视清政府局外中立政策。本文将从清政府局外中立政策出台的历史背景，局外中立条规内容以及它执行的实际情况去重新看待。

During the Russo-Japanese War, the Qing government declared external neutrality, which has long been regarded as a typical manifestation of the its corruption and incompetence. Looking at the Qing government’s neutrality policy in the historical context of the time, we can find that the Qing government was incompetent and helpless in declaring “external neutrality” in the face of various pressures in the game of various forces and position from home and abroad. After the outbreak of the war, the Qing government hoped to clarify its rights by invoking public laws and regulations on neutrality and repeatedly negotiated against the violation of neutrality by Japan and Russia. Therefore, we need to re-examine the Qing government’s policy of external neutrality. This paper will be from the historical background of the Qing government’s external neutrality policy, the content of the neutrality regulations, and the actual situation of its implementation to look at.