儿童贫困是一个世界性的社会问题，各国都在为此积极寻求解决方法。如何通过政策干预有效地减免儿童贫困，是各方一直致力解决的难题，虽然在很多国家，整体贫困率有所下降，儿童贫困率却仍在上升。目前，对儿童贫困问题的关注主要聚焦在儿童贫困的界定和测量、贫困儿童的规模和基本生活状况、贫困对儿童的影响等问题，这部分研究在一定程度上为政策形成提供了支持。本文力图在此基础上关注贫困儿童自身的感受和应对策略，试图了解儿童是如何认识和理解贫困，又是如何应对自身贫困等问题，从儿童的视角为贫困儿童研究提供新的思路，推进该问题的研究，为我国儿童减贫政策提供研究依据。本研究以新童年社会学为理论框架，使用质性研究方法来倾听儿童的声音，分别在河南、陕西、江西、甘肃四省选择18个乡镇，采取目的性抽样选取合适的个案74个，其中包括贫困家庭42户，普通家庭32户，使用访谈法和观察法收集丰富的研究资料。研究主要发现：（1）在儿童视角下，贫困不仅是经济上和物质上的匮乏，还是儿童每天要去面对的日常生活经历，儿童在这样的境遇下生存、发展的各个方面受到的剥夺和排斥。（2）贫困儿童群体虽然都经历着贫困，但在对自身经历的评价、感受及应对策略问题上并非总是消极、麻木和无助的。他们有的不认为自己的经历是贫困，有的能够积极乐观接受这种不利境遇，还有的会通过日常的甚至长期经营性的行为来对抗贫困，体现出了自身的主体性。（3）这一群体虽然总体上呈现出一定的相似性，但也表现出较强的异质性，个体各方面的差异（如个人、家庭、环境等）使得贫困对其的影响及其应对策略有所不同。根据研究发现，笔者认为：（1）儿童的声音值得关注，将他们对贫困的认识、态度和应对策略反馈于政策研究和政策制定中，有利于他们真正得益于政策。（2）我国目前对于贫困儿童的政策主要是补救型的社会救助政策，而这部分政策还很不完善，不能满足贫困儿童的需求，实践中也问题重重，因此应重视儿童贫困，将其当作特殊的贫困群体给予特殊的救助。（3）贫困儿童具有主体性，儿童间也有很大的差异性，应充分发挥国家责任，通过更全面的制度建设来系统地削减儿童贫困，建立发展型儿童福利政策，投资儿童，支持家庭，满足儿童各方面的需求。

The problem of child poverty is a long-standing social problem in the word. Every country try their best to solve these problems, but from the data, the Children's poverty rate is still on the rise. Current research on child poverty in rich countries is most quantitative in nature and mainly concentrated on determining its extent and future outcomes. Notwithstanding the valuable results this kind of research has yielded, little is known about what poverty is experienced to children, and the view of poverty from a child’s perspective is still rare. The current study of children growing up poor in China is an initial effort and adds to the focus on the children’s perspectives and their coping strategies. This way, it enables us to see children’s agency in their own environment, promote the problem of research, and to provide basis for children poverty reduction policy in China.This paper based on the Children sociology theory perspective，chooses Henan、Shanxi、Jiangxi、Gansu as case-collection point ,selects suitable participants by purposive sampling, collects data by interview method and observation method, and then makes related quantitative analysis.In my opinion, poverty may affect children’s lives in various ways (materially, socially as well as emotionally), but also that they develop their own solutions to deal with it: children are not just passive victims of the situation they grow up in. Clear individual differences emerge among the children interviewed: both to the extent they are actually confronted with poverty and to the degree they succeed in coping with it. It seems that poor children are not equally affected by poverty. The poor children group performance is evenly distributed in a coordinates which have negative, numbness and positive, optimistic as the two poles, present emotional differences and action of the differences.Based on these problems, the writer attempts to put forward some countermeasures: First, in the children's poor research areas, especially in our country, the most current research is ignore the voice of the children , in fact, the children's own feelings and strategy is worth attention, there shall be more research to focus on children, and their voice should be feedback in the policy, so that they can make a real benefits from the policy. Second, China's current policy for poor children is the remedy social assistance policy, and this part of the policy is far from perfect, can’t meet the needs of poor children, we should improve this part of the policy further. Third, children living in poverty have subjectivity and heterogeneity, therefore , government should take the main responsibility to reduce child poverty, a more comprehensive system is needed to be constructed. A system of social welfare policy has to established and developed, so that, children in all aspects different needs and different children's needs could be meet.