民国初期的“修身科”，作为学校公民道德教育的重要功课，其内容与内涵均根据时代需求不断变化，以培养“共和国民”，而这一时期的教育，也被视为我国公民教育的开端。互联网时代，信息爆炸使得国民的价值观日趋多极化，而国家的发展又亟需建构强大的“民族共同体”。因此，从民国初期的修身科中获得公民教育的宝贵经验是十分必要的。 本研究以文献研究法、文本分析法作为主要研究方法，选取商务印书馆《共和国教科书·新修身·初等小学校用》（1912）和中华书局《新编中华修身教科书·初等小学校用》（1915）作为主要研究对象。本文从“公民教育”要求及编写特点等方面对教科书对我国近代公民教育促进作用进行分析，挖掘教科书背后所蕴含的民初价值观取向以及对今天公民教育的启示。 对民初修身教科书中的“公民”形象进行分析，发现这一时期的教科书内容上主要为以孝为首的纲常伦理观念、个人修养教育和国家社会观念的输入，这些内容的综合已经比较接近现代意义上的“公民”。以《中国学生发展核心素养（2016）》对教科书内容进行评析发现，单就内容来讲，民初修身教科书所涵盖的内容在今天看来依旧是很全面的。 从价值观念、受众特点以及教学实践三个方面分析民初修身教科书对近代公民教育的促进作用，发现：民初修身教科书中新旧价值观念均占据了较大比例，呈现出新旧价值观念并兴的特点；教科书内容设置多元化，图文并茂，并且会对重要德目进行多次安排，较为符合儿童的认知特点；同时，教科书注重对教员教学方法的指导，均有与之配套的教授法参考书出版，一定程度上补救了民初正规教员不足的问题。

The moral course during the early years of the Republic of China was an important lesson of civic moral education, it is regarded as the beginning of civic education in our country. Its purpose is to cultivate "citizens"，and its content is changing according to the needs of different periods。In the Internet age, the information explosion makes people have a variety of different values, but our country needs to develop and become strong, which requires everyone to unite as a “national community” like a whole. In the early years of the Republic of China, the civic education was very good, so we could gain valuable experience by studying it. The study takes literature research, text analysis as the main research method, and the main objects of the research are two series of textbooks, one called “The New Morality Textbook for the Republic” of the lower primary school volume which published by the Commercial Press in 1912，the other called “The New Chinese Morality Textbook” of the lower primary school volume which published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1916. This paper is involving two terms, requirements of civic education in the textbooks and the characteristics of the content of these textbooks. Based on the above research, we will find some revelation on today’s civic education. Analyzes the requirements of civic education in these textbooks, we can find that the contents of this period of textbooks are mainly based on filial piety as the representative of the traditional moral values, Personal self-cultivation and national social concept, taken together these elements have been very close to "citizens" in the modern sense. And analysis these textbooks with perspective of “The Core Subjects of Chinese Students' Development” which released in 2016, we can find that the contents covered by the morality textbook during the early years of the Republic of China are still very comprehensive in today's view. From values, children’s characteristics on psychological development and practical application of teaching three aspects to analyze these morality textbooks to promote the role of civic education, we can find that: new values and old values all occupy a large proportion in the morality textbook during the early years of the Republic of China; the content of the textbook is very diverse through use different materials and design pictures and text carefully; and important content will appear many times in the textbooks for meet the learning needs of children; and each volume of textbooks are accompanied by a teacher's book to help teachers teaching more excellently and effectively, it solve the problem that formal teachers is not enough in the early years of the Republic of China to a certain extent.