新中国成立以来，民营医疗机构经历了从兴起到衰落、再到兴起的历史演变过程。随着新医改政策的各项具体措施的逐步推进，如何认识和评价民营医疗机构的作用、特点和存在的问题、发展过程中遇到的困难，以及政府卫生行政部门的职责和相关应完善的政策等，都是在新医改背景下推进民营医疗机构发展所亟待解决的问题。但是，我国长期缺乏对民营医疗机构全面、深入系统的调查、分析和研究，缺乏足够的信息将社会有关方面的意见提供给政策的制定者和决策者。因此，正确认识民营医疗机构在我国医疗体系中的作用，客观反映社会各利益相关者对民营医疗机构的态度和评价，对民营医疗机构的现状进行研究，有助于了解存在问题，并提出相应对策，促进民营医疗机构健康、持续、快速的发展。本研究选取了四川省南充市做为个案调查对象，主要目的在于摸清全市民营医疗机构当前的发展现状，了解民营医疗机构的数量、构成、分布、分类、人员、设备、业务量和工作量等基本情况，并通过对南充市民营医疗机构和公立医疗机构情况比较，找出民营医疗机构面临的困难与存在的问题，以及发展的机遇。在此基础上探讨民营医疗机构的发展方向和发展对策，从而对民营医疗机构的发展提出可行性的合理化意见及建议。 本研究采用实地调查、问卷调查和查阅文献资料等方法进行。通过设计发放问卷调查表，对南充市民营医疗机构的数量构成、人员情况、设备设施、医生担负等基本情况进行了全面调查。在走访中心城区主要民营机构，对民营医疗机构的投资者、医院的管理人员、卫生行政部门的负责人进行重点访谈，查阅相关文献资料的基础上，对民营医疗机构进行分析，了解当前民营医疗机构发展具有的优势、劣势、机会和威胁，并对下一步发展提出对策和建议。

After New China was built, the private medical institutions have experienced a historic evolution of rising, decline, and rising again. With the new medical reform policy went on step by step, how to understand and evaluate the roles, features, problems, difficulties of the private medical institutions, along with the responsibilities and related policies of the government health authorities, are the questions eager to be answered under the new medical reform background. However, our country is short for comprehensive and deeply investigations for a long time. We do not have enough information to provide the community with the concerned parties to the policy and decision makers. So, understanding the role of the private medical institutions in our country health care system correctly, reflecting the attitudes and evaluations of the various stakeholders on the private medical institutions objectively, conducting research to the development of private medical institutions, are good to understand the situation, formulate policies and put forward measures to promote the health of the private medical institutions, and to sustain a rapid development of them.This study selected Nanchong City, Sichuan Province as a case survey to find out the current development status. Its purpose is to understand the number of private medical institutions, distributions, classifications, structures, personnel, equipments, business volumes and workloads, such as the basic situation. Through the contrast of the private medical institutions and non-private medical institutions, identify the difficulties and chances faced with private medical institutions. We explore the direction and development of Private medical institutions, and provide feasible views and suggestions.This study used a survey, typical investigations, and inspection literature methods to work. By sending questionnaires, we conducted a full investigation of the consists of personnel, equipments and facilities, the doctors are responsible for the basic situation. Visiting the main non-governmental organizations, carrying out key interviews with private medical institutions sponsors, hospital managers, health administrators, Accessing to the relevant literatures, are all our jobs. Based on all the above, this study gave an analysis of private medical institutions, Understanding of the current development of the private medical institutions of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to give future countermeasures and suggestions.