目的：原发性痛经是指在没有明显可识别的生理病理学原因的情况下出现的经前及/或经期出现的腹痛。这种腹痛通常在月经开始前的24-48小时内开始，持续1-2天，伴随着生理性的生殖系统改变，如子宫收缩、内膜剥落等。原发性痛经是一种常见的生殖系统疾病，在年轻女性群体中较为常见，对她们的生活和健康造成诸多不良的影响。治疗原发性痛经对维护女性健康生活具有重要的意义。在本研究中，本人采用随机对照试验的方法探讨游泳对女性原发性痛经的疼痛强度、症状及其持续时间的影响。此项研究旨在为原发性痛经患者的运动治疗以及体育教学内容制定的科学化提供依据。

方法：依据特定的纳入和排除标准，从北京师范大学招募了正受原发性痛经困扰的女性大学生共42人参与实验。这些参与者随机被分配到两个群组：一组为干预组，共21名；另一组为对照组，也是21名，干预过程中两组均未有人退出。干预组的成员每周要参加三次中等强度的蛙泳运动，包括热身、蛙泳和放松三个阶段，每次持续60分钟，为期8周。对照组成员每周维持日常的活动量，不进行额外的运动。干预前和后，通过一系列问卷采集被试的一般健康状况、生殖健康和生活方式行为，包括采用视觉模拟评分法量化原发性痛经的疼痛程度,CMSS量表评估痛经的具体症状严重程度及持续时间，以及DRSP量表评估经前综合症。为了探讨干预效果，使用配对样本T检验分析两组成员的组内前后差异，独立样本T检验分析两组被试的组间差异。所有分析均通过SPSS27.0软件执行。

结果：干预前，两组被试在年龄、身高、体重、痛经症状严重程度及持续时长、经前期综合症、自我调节能力、睡眠质量等指标的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；干预后，游泳组的痛经疼痛程度、痛经症状严重程度、痛经症状持续时长等指标得分分别为2.81±1.167、8.62±6.103、8.95±4.894,较之干预前(4.43±1.690、11.33±6.987、10.29±6.341)有显著缓解（P<0.05）；与对照组（3.67±1.426、13.00±7.490、11.86±3.183）相比较而言，得分均低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

结论：本研究表明规律地练习中等强度的蛙泳对缓解女性原发性痛经具有积极作用。每周3次，每次至少30分钟中强度蛙泳是体育与健康课程的基本保障，未来可以进一步探索更多的运动量或更高强度蛙泳运动能否带来更多益处，丰富运动处方和教学内容的科学证据。

Objective: Primary dysmenorrhea refers to abdominal pain that occurs before and/or during menstruation without any identifiable physiological or pathological causes. This type of abdominal pain typically begins within 24-48 hours before the onset of menstruation and lasts for 1-2 days, accompanied by physiological changes in the reproductive system, such as uterine contractions and endometrial shedding. Primary dysmenorrhea is a common symptom, especially prevalent among young women, and significantly impacts their life and activities. In this study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effects of swimming on the pain intensity, symptoms, and duration of primary dysmenorrhea in women, as well as its impact on premenstrual syndrome. This research aims to provide a scientific basis for exercise therapy in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.

Methods: According to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 42 female college students suffering from primary dysmenorrhea were recruited from Beijing Normal University to participate in the experiment. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group (21 participants); The other group was the control group, also 21 participants, and no one in either group withdrew during the intervention. Members of the intervention group participated in moderate-intensity breaststroke three times a week, including warm-up, breaststroke and relaxation, each lasting 60 minutes for eight weeks. Members of the control group maintained their daily activity levels each week and did not engage in additional exercise. Before and after the intervention, participants' general health status, reproductive health, and lifestyle behaviors were collected through a series of questionnaires, including quantifying pain intensity of primary dysmenorrhea using visual analog scale, evaluating specific symptoms and duration of dysmenorrhea with CMSS scale, and evaluating premenstrual syndrome with DRSP scale. In order to explore the effect of intervention, the paired sample T test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups before and after the group, and the independent sample T test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups. All analyses were performed using SPSS27.0 software.

Results: Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in age, height, weight, severity and duration of dysmenorrhea symptoms, premenstrual syndrome, self-regulation ability, sleep quality and other indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, The scores of dysmenorrhea pain degree, dysmenorrhea symptom severity and dysmenorrhea symptom duration in the swimming group were 2.81±1.167, 8.62±6.103 and 8.95±4.894, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before intervention (4.43±1.690, 11.33±6.987 and 10.29±6.341, respectively) (P<0. 05); Compared with the control group (3.67±1.426, 13.00±7.490, 11.86±3.183), the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study shows that regular practice of moderate intensity breaststroke has a positive effect on relieving primary dysmenorrhea in women. At least 30 minutes of medium intensity breaststroke three times a week is the basic guarantee of physical education and health courses. In the future, we can further explore whether more exercise or higher intensity breaststroke can bring more benefits, and enrich the scientific evidence of exercise prescription and teaching content.