大量的污染物不断的被排放到自然水体中，包含了许多有毒、持久性、生物高富集的危险化合物，对水生生态系统以及人类的健康造成了巨大的威胁。仅依靠理化指标的水质评价控制已经不足以保护人类和生态系统的健康。与化学或物理监测相比，生物群落是对水体中各种化学、物理、生物因子的综合和直接的反映，更能体现水生生态系统的健康状态。但如海河流域这样受到强烈人为干扰的水体，生境破碎化严重，水生生物大量灭绝，频繁的水利调度也为生态监测带来困难，传统的生态监测已不能满足其生态监测的需求。而生物膜普遍存在于各种基质的表面上，代表了一种由稳定微生物细胞组成的复杂混合物的微生态系统，具备作为快速生态监测对象的优势。本文根据海河流域不同生态单元水体中天然基质和人工基质生物膜的结构和功能的比较，筛选出适宜不同生态单元水体的生物膜基质，建立基于生物膜的群落水平的生物监测技术，为流域尺度的生态监测和健康评价提供技术支持。主要研究内容和结论包括：（1）通过比较人工基质和天然基质附着生物膜的生物量、结构和功能特性，筛选出活性炭纤维基质是适宜生物膜研究的人工基质，具有快速（10天培养即可获得与天然生物膜相似的结构和功能）、稳定（样品SE<5%）的特性。

The degradation of the aquatic resources due to effluent discharges containing pollutant substances, some of which persistent, toxic or bioaccumulable, has coming to put in risk their natural function of life support and their utilization for the most variety of human activities. Since chemicals present in environmental water as a complex mixture, their potential ecotoxicological effects are much complicated due to their interactions. Protection of aquatic environment from the many hazardous chemicals that enter the environment, usually as complex mixtures, will require the introduction of new and improved techniques that are affordable and provide rapid information besides physical and chemical indicators assessment. Biome can direct reflect to various factors and better reflect the health of aquatic ecosystems. But it is difficult for biological monitoring in Haihe River Basin, for its strong disturbed by human activities, severe habitat fragmentation, and extinction of aquatic organisms, water diversion and other water conservancy scheduling. Biofilm exists in a variety of substrate surface, represents a stable complex mixture of microbial cells in the micro-ecosystem, and can be used in rapid ecological monitoring.This paper comprehensively considered the structure and functions of natural substrates and artificial substrates in different ecological units, and selects suitable substrate for biological monitoring. In study, we established the biological monitoring method based on the biofilm community, and provide technical support for health assessment in watershed scale. The main research content includes:(1) Activated carbon fiber was selected as substrate for bioflim research, by comparing the structure and functional properties of biofilm which grown on different artificial and natural substrate. Biofilm on activated carbon fiber was grown fast which can have a similar structure and function with natural biofilm only after 10 days culture, and provide replicate substratum samples（SE<5%）.