本文围绕班固及其《两都赋》，对东汉初年的政治形势、文人心态以及文学作品风貌之间的关系进行了探讨。试图从赋的主旨流变，文人理想、世态士风、现实中的政治斗争等诸方面来解读《两都赋》所具有的意义。之所以选择班固，一是因为他对于东汉初年的许多大事都有亲身经历，二是因为《两都赋》不仅开了都城赋的先河，且其序对赋的流变、意义都有颇具价值的探讨。从汉大赋主旨流变的角度来看，西汉诸家皆有讽谏之意，往往将一种对话关系寓于作品之中，试图通过文学来影响政治，这种想法在扬雄那里达到了顶峰，但是《两都赋》则一改西汉讽谏的文风，专以歌功颂德为文。这样的转变，从个人的角度讲，是与班固“立言”、“宣汉”的理想是分不开的；从社会角度讲，则是对东汉初年士风转变的一种反映，更深一步讲，这种转变是东汉前期的政治情势下士人与君权矛盾的一种体现，这种矛盾由来以久，从历史的角度来看，西汉至东汉，大赋主旨之变迁正是随着这一矛盾的发展演化而形成的。在东汉前期的政治压力下，班固的作品中存在着一种二重人格，而这种二重的人格使得《两都赋》的歌颂与事实之间出现了一种分裂，体现为一种政治压力下的历史编纂。这种分裂到张衡的《二京赋》时得到解决，而此赋也达到了扬雄所期待的“丽以则”的标准，不过这只是昙花一现而已，随着东汉政治形势的颓败，大赋的时代就此逝去。从现实政治的角度来讲，《两都赋》又是一种手段，是马、窦两大外戚集团权力角逐中，班固用以政治投机的手段，而这样一层意思，是无法从《两都赋》的文本表层解读而出的。通过以上的解读，可以看到，对于同一文本，不同的视角所得到的意义可能是不同的，甚至是无关联的，这说明在文学研究中，对“研究视角”的反思是非常重要的，而本文的意义也正是对《两都赋》的不同“研究视角”进行一次探讨。

This paper focused on the Bangu and his work "Ode of the two capitals", discussed the relationship between politics circumstances, psychology of the literators, style and features of the Literary works at the Early Period of Eastern Han Dynasty. It tried to explain the meaning of "Ode of the two capitals" from the aspects of gist transformation, ideal of literators, situation of society and the ethos of the clerisy, realistic political struggle and so on. That reason to choose Bangu base on the his firsthand experiences of the great events at Early Period of Eastern Han Dynasty, the work "Ode of the two capitals" not only advocated earlier of the “ode about capitals”, but also the prologue of this work has a great importance on the transformation and meanings of the ode to discuss.From the point of the gist transformation of great odes at the Han Dynasty period, works of West Han Dynasty all had the meanings of irony and expostulation, this works always had a conversation relationship in it, try to affect politics by Literatures, this idea reach a peak at Yangxiong’s work. But the style of writing changed from irony and expostulation to pay a tribute to merits and virtues at West Han Dynasty period, this transformation can’t be separated from the ideal “writing and singing the praises of the Han Dynasty” of Bangu, his the personal point of view. It was the reflection of the changing of the ethos of clerisy at the earlier period of East Han Dynasty period. More than that, this changing is the present of confliction between clerisy and regality. This confliction appeared long ago, from the historical perspective, from West Han Dynasty period to East Han Dynasty period, gist transformation of great ode is along with the development and evolution of the confliction.Under the pressure of the Early Period of Eastern Han Dynasty, Bangu’s works exists this type of dual personality, but this dual personality makes a break-up between singing praise and facts in “Ode of the two capitals” in the person of historical compilation under a kind of political pressure. This break-up arrives at solution until ZhangHeng’s “Ode of west and east capitals”. At the time the great ode also reached the criterions of “concinnity with norm” which Yangxiong’s expects, but it is only a flash in the pan. Along with the declining political position of Eastern Han Dynasty, the age of great odes thus elapse.From the real political point of view, “Ode of the two capitals” is a kind of tool. It’s the speculative tools used in politicals by Bangu in the content between two kinds of power groups of Ma and Dou.Above all, we can see that we would get different meanings from different perspectives in one work, even these meanings are not associate with each other. This means the introspecting of perspective of research is very important, while, the meaning of this paper is worked on the different perspective of “Ode of the two capitals”.