本文从以赛亚•伯林将自由分为消极自由和积极自由入手，首先分析了积极自由何以走向自由的反面,其次从个人与共同体的关系以及理性与必然性的关系方面具体论证马克思的理论中存在着积极自由的因素，因此伯林将马克思的理论视为积极自由的一种。虽然我们必须承认马克思具有这方面的倾向，但理论实质却并不仅局限于对“自我导向”的倡导，更多的我们要从实践的角度和马克思理论整体的角度来看待马克思与积极自由的关系。笔者认为破题的关键在于要重新理解作为马克思哲学的基础——实践，强调实践是能动性与受动性的统一。只有从这里出发，才能得到对马克思及其理论的全面正确的认识。

Beginning with Isaiah Berlin’s division of freedom into negative freedom and positive freedom, this thesis first analyses the process, in which the positive freedom transfers into the reverse side of freedom, and then from the perspective of the relationship between individual and community and the relationship between reason and necessity demonstrates that in the theory of Marxism there are some elements of positive freedom, therefore Berlin regards Marx’s theory as one of the theories of positive freedom. Although it should be admitted that Marxism entails this kind of inclination, its essence could not be merely confined to the advocating of “self-orientation”. Rather, the relationship between Marxism and positive freedom should be treated from the perspective of practice and the whole theory of Marxism. The key to this problem lies in the reconsideration of the foundation of Marxism, namely “practice is the unification of initiative and passivity”. Only from this point of view can man obtain a complete and true understanding of Marx and his theory.