国家政策对教育治理体系建设的推动，以及地方教育供给侧改革的需求，促使教育管理研究者认识到治理能力现代化对教育行政与管理实践的重要性。研究在梳理治理理论与教育行政权力相关文献的基础上，以权力关系为研究主题，从“结构—过程”视角出发，研究县级教育局内部的权力分布和运行状态，重点分析教育局与上级政府、同级组织、下属学校与教育评价组织之间的权力互动过程，旨在探讨治理理论对本土教育管理实践的指导意义。 在质性研究方法论的指导下，研究者通过实地研究的方式，于水县教育局进行了持续一年零一个月的调研，通过参与式观察与间接观察，深度访谈和实物资料收集等方法，结合文献资料进行情境分析，最终以叙事的方式呈现研究结果。研究发现： 在水县教育局内部，权力分布受制度设计的规约，主要集中在局办公室、基教科、人事科与计财科，权力运行受传统行政领导负责制的影响，以局长与局办公室为核心，通过内部例会与汇报的形式实现，并最终由科室代表教育局向外进行传达。同时，教育局内部的权力运行模式受地方行政“条块”关系的影响较大，并且接受市级教育局与县级政府的双重管理，部分教育行政权力被分散至其它县级组织中，使得教育局科室的职权分配与实际掌握的行政权力之间存在差异。作为行政组织的教育局，与上级政府、同级行政组织、下属学校与教育评价组织之间则分别存在压力型权力关系，阵地式权力关系，波浪态权力关系和评价性权力关系。 压力型权力关系强调县级政府和教育局之间的职权对应和党委负责制度，政府组织将教育局视为行政权力运行的载体，在这一关系中起决定作用的是特殊的、非人格化的社会结构。建立在正式法理基础支持上的压力型权力关系，减少了对权力执行者个体素质的依赖，在遵循制度设计的同时，降低了权力运行的灵活性。 阵地式权力关系强调教育局和同级行政组织之间的协同互助，其它组织将教育局和学校系统视为职能延展和宣传的载体，在这一关系中起决定作用的是教育行政系统对社会资源的刚性需求。建立在教育系统对地方社会依附传统上的阵地式权力关系，回应了不同行政体系对教育宣传功能的需求，填补了教育系统在权力资源上的匮乏。 波浪态权力关系强调教育局与下属学校之间不同程度的分权与集权，在这一关系中起决定作用的是教育行政组织对不同层级学校的功能定位。建立在地方教育对行政资源路径依赖传统上的波浪态关系，对中心学校和基层学校产生了不同的影响，保证了权力资源使用效率的最大化，同时也使部分学校难以获得办学自主权。 评价性权力关系强调上级行政组织、地方公众和第三方评价组织对教育行政组织权力配置和运行的监督，在这一关系中起决定作用的是评价权力占有者对权力资源的调度能力。建立在社会多元参与机制上的评价性权力关系，有效地纠正了教育局在权力行使上的偏差，提升了教育行政效率，同时因评价方式的差异对水县教育发展产生不同的影响。 研究形成以下结论：（1）在教育局内部与外部权力关系的共同塑造下，水县教育行政组织在权力分布和行使上呈现出集权与分权并存化的趋势，并在横向上强调集权，纵向上强调分权；（2）县域教育行政组织的权力关系受地方历史与文化因素的双重影响，并在教育权力转移的社会背景下，出现权力关系多样态发展的趋势；（3）地方教育治理需要在理论本土化的基础上，改善教育行政组织权力结构，这既是营造教育治理环境的前提，也是教育行政组织自我解放和实现权力关系更迭的需求。 论文通过实地研究，深化了对县域教育行政环境复杂性的理解，展现了本土教育行政与管理的现实情况和实践经验，为治理理论本土化提供了个案解读，并针对水县教育局行政权力运行方式的改善提供了政策建议。

Today we are in the era, in which the economy and culture of local society are developing and the accomplishment of local public political participation is improving. Therefore, local public and administrator have reached a consensus on improving the ability on educational governance of local government. The practice of local educational administration has brought out lots of phenomena as well as the need on supply-side reform on education. These impel researcher to understand the reality in county’s educational administration organization, and to research on interaction between county’s educational administration organization and other organizations in different layers, through interpretation of the individual case of Shui County . The study found that in the Shui County Education Bureau, the distribution of power is affected by the statute of institutional design. The administrative power is concentrated in the Bureau Office, the Basic Education Section, the Personnel Division, and the Planning and Finance Department. The power operation is affected by the traditional executive leadership responsibility system. The office is the core, which is realized through internal meetings and reports, and ultimately communicated on behalf of the Department of Education. At the same time, the distribution of power and the mode of operation are greatly affected by the local administrative “strips” relationship, and remain relatively stable in the course of sustained changes. There are the pressurized power relationship, wave-like power relationship, and position-like power relationship among the Education Bureau as administrative organization and the government at the higher level, administrative organizations at the same level, and subordinate schools. The Pressurized power relationship emphasizes the correspondence among the government and the county government and the implementation of policies. The government organizations regard the Bureau of Education as the carrier of administrative power. It is the special and impersonal social structure that plays a decisive role in this relationship. The pressure-based the Pressurized power relations established on the basis of formal legal principles have reduced the reliance on the individual qualities of the power performer, and while following the design of the system, the flexibility of power operation has been reduced. The Position-like power relationship emphasizes coordination and cooperation between education bureaus and peer organizations. Different levels of administrative organizations regard education bureaus and school systems as vehicles for functional extension and propaganda. It is the education administration system that plays a decisive role in this relationship. The rigid demand for social resources. Based on the traditional position-like power relations of the education system to the local society, it responds to the need of different administrative systems for educational propaganda functions and fills the gap in the education system’s power resources. Wave-like power relationship emphasizes the degree of decentralization and centralization between the education bureau and the subordinate schools. The role played by the educational administrative organization in different levels of schools play a decisive role in this relationship. The traditional wave-like relationship relied on the path of administrative resources for school-running schools have had a different impact on central schools and grass-roots schools, ensuring the maximization of the use of power resources, and making it difficult for some schools to obtain school autonomy. Under the joint shaping of the internal and external power relations of the Education Bureau, the Shui administrative organization of education in the county shows the trend of centralization and decentralization in the use of power. After looking through the developing history of governance theories and reviewing on power relation, researcher took power relation, defined as the static distribution of power and the dynamic operation of power, as the cut-in point. Then from the perspective of governance theory and following the trend of educational administration which transfers from traditional administration leading to social widespread participation, researcher focused on the interior of local education bureau as well as the relationship between local education bureau and governments at higher level and same level as well as subordinate schools. When it comes to the method, the research is in the framework of qualitative research methodology, and data is collected through field work. Researcher collected research data through a yearlong field work in Shui County . Then categorization analysis was taken to analysis different data including material objects, observation data and interview data. Finally the research result was presented in a narrative research way. The study discusses the status quo of educational governance environment in Shui County and elaborates on both the history of educational administrative power and the process of social forces’ participation in education. The power of society and market have a close relationship in multiple governance of current county education. The public school system plays an important role in basic education of county areas. According to the actual situation and practical experience, local education governance needs to improve the power structure of administrative organizations of education based on theoretical localization, which is the premise of creating an educational governance environment, the need for the self-liberation in administrative organizations of education and the requirement of changes in power relations. Restructuring the power relations in the local administrative organizations of education will be a dynamic and balanced process that will be affected by the progress of information technology and eventually built together by multiple actors.