住房问题既是经济问题，也是政治问题，更是重要的民生问题，它关系到人民群众安居乐业，关系到经济平稳健康发展，更关系到社会的和谐与稳定。随着我国城镇住房制度改革的不断深入，市场机制在优化住房资源配置和提高住房资源的配置效率等方面正发挥着基础性的作用，但是由于市场本身存在着内外部的缺陷，仅靠市场机制难以解决基本住房问题。特别是近些年来，我国城镇化进程快速发展，城市人口快速增长，带来了住房需求群体的不断扩大，导致住房供不应求。城镇住房价格快速上涨，住房支出已远远超出中低收入家庭的正常经济承受能力，单纯依靠市场机制调节房价已经无法使其回归理性。在这样的现实面前，中低收入家庭解决住房问题的困难越来越大。如何有效解决中低收入家庭的“住有所居”问题，已经成为当前政府改善民生、维护社会和谐稳定的重任，也成为我国建立住房保障制度、完善社会保障体系的重要使命。因此，需要进一步健全和完善以经济适用房、廉租房、限价房、公租房四种主要模式为主导，住房公积金为辅助的住房保障体系，逐步形成由商品房市场体系和社会保障房体系有机结合、相辅相成、各负其责的住房保障新体制。本论文在分析我国现有住房保障体系的基础上，阐述了我国城镇住房保障体系产生的历史背景和实现意义；回顾了我国住房体制改革和城镇住房保障体系的发展历程。对现有住房保障体系中经济适用房、廉租房、限价房、公租房四种主要模式和住房公积金辅助体系的产生发展、现状及运行机制进行了深入研究。同时，从覆盖范围、保障对象、申请标准、户型与面积以及上市交易等方面横向比较分析了现行四种主要住房保障模式间的差异和优劣。通过上述分析研究，结合国外发达国家在住房保障方面的成功经验，探寻我国城镇住房保障模式中存在的共性问题。此外，结合近些年来我国住房保障领域出现的一些典型案例，深刻剖析了现行四种主要住房保障模式和一个辅助体系所暴露的突出问题。最后，在以上研究基础上，综合探讨了城镇住房保障模式的主要影响因素，初步构建了城镇住房保障模式主要影响因素分析框架模型，为科学研究城镇住房保障问题提供了理论依据。根据研究，本论文能够得出如下主要结论：（1）住房保障体系的四种主要模式和一个辅助体系是当前解决中低收入群体住房问题的有效途径。随着住房制度改革的不断深入，房地产业已经成为支柱产业，对国家经济的增长有着不可替代的作用，但是由于过度依赖市场这只“看不见”的手，“市场失灵”和一些住房政策的过失，导致不少地方出现房价居高不下，多数人单纯靠自己，已经买不起住房，特别是中低收入家庭住房成了他们生活不能承受之重。近几年来，党和政府充分认识到了建立住房保障体系的重要性和紧迫性，认识到建立多层次住房保障体系是解决中低收入“住有所居”的有效手段，也是平抑房价发挥政府这只“看得见”的手的作用的有效途径。（2）引导居民树立正确的住房消费观念观念的转变和更新是新制度建立的思想认识基础。在建立和完善住房保障制度及运行机制的过程中，我们要通过加强舆论宣传，正确引导城镇居民树立正确的住房消费观念。在加强宣传的同时要为居民住房梯度消费观念的树立和贯彻提供条件。要分清政府在建立住房保障体系中的主导作用和有限责任，明确政府构建住房保障制度的目的是，为了解决中低收入家庭的住房困难，满足其基本的住房需求，而并非满足居民改善居住水平的要求，只有建立市场和政府的双重供给模式，树立居民买房与租房都是住房消费的合理形式的观念，才能有效保证住房保障体系的正常运转。（3）住房保障的专门法律、法规，是住房保障制度健康发展的基础与发达国家相比，我国的住房保障法制化进程相对滞后，针对住房保障方面的专门的、系统的法律、法规体系尚未形成，有的只是针对住房保障政策和制度层面的国务院或建设部等相关部门以通知、指导意见或办法的形式发布的，大都属于政策性规定，在法律层面的可操作程度上存在随意性和不稳定性。据了解，我国人大常委会正在酝酿专门针对住房保障的相关法律，但就目前而言，我国还没有《住宅法》、《基本住房保障法》或《住房保障条例》，因此，需要国家尽快根据住房保障形势的需要，适时出台住房保障法等相关法律法规。（4）住房保障资金及各种金融、财政和税收等住房保障的配套政策是住房保障制度健康发展的有力保障保障性住房的建设，关键在于资金和专门针对保障性住房建设和消费的财政、税收、金融支持体系。住房保障的资金主要来自四个方面：一是中央和地方的财政预算支出；二是引导社会资金投资建设和运营；三是银行政策性长期信贷资金；四是增值收益扣除风险准备金和管理费用后的余额。住房金融政策主要包括两项内容：住房公积金制度和住房消费信贷政策。如何确保住房保障的资金来源，发挥住房保障的配套政策的辅助作用，是住房保障制度能否健康发展的有力保障。（5）完善的住房保障运行机制，是住房保障制度健康发展的核心城镇住房保障体系是一个系统的工程，尤其是要设计和实施城镇住房保障模式运行机制就更为复杂。完成的住房保障运行机制包括经济适用房、廉租房、限价房、公租房的供应规划体系、进退管理体系、支持保障体系和资金运作体系。这4个部分是有机统一的整体，缺少任何一个部分都会影响住房保障制度的推进，都会降低住房保障政策的积极效应，从而影响政策目标的实现。（6）初步构建了城镇住房保障模式主要影响因素分析及框架模型城镇住房保障模式的选择对于住房保障制度的可持续发展至关重要，城镇住房保障模式的选择受多种因素影响，本研究根据文献综述和国内外一些住房保障发展的经验，结合我国住房保障制度的发展历程和运行状况，在汲取了业内专家的意见和建议的基础上，选定了一些因素作为影响住房保障模式选择的主要因素，并初步构建了城镇住房保障模式主要影响因素分析及框架模型，且对框架模型做了进一步验证，对我国城镇住房保障模式的选择起到了一定的参考和启示作用，对于进一步研究城镇住房保障模式的选择开辟了新的途径。

Housing security is not only an economic issue but also a political issue related to people’s livelihood. It is highly relevant to people’s peaceful living and content working, to stable and healthy development of economy, to harmonious and stable society. Along with the deepening of the reform in China’s urban housing system, the Market Mechanism is now playing a fundamental role on optimizing the allocation of housing resources and improving the efficiency. However, due to the existence of the defects of the internal and external market, low- and middle-income families could not afford the housing problem on their own. Especially in recent years, the rapid development of urbanization of China leads to the increasing demand and short supply of houses. The rapid increasing prices of houses in urban has far exceeded the affordability of normal low- and middle-income families in urban. It is unable to make the housing prices return to a rational level simply relying on market mechanism. For low- and middle-income families, the housing problems are especially difficult. It is an important task for government to solve the housing problems of these families, which is necessary in establishing and implementing housing security system. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve and refine the housing security system in which the four major modes including affording houses, low-cost rental houses, limited-price houses and public rental houses are the dominant, supplemented by the policy system of housing accumulation funds. The object is to gradually form a new housing system in which the market system and housing security system will combine of complementary and carry on their own duties.In this paper, the history background and practical significance of the China’s urban security system is elaborated by taking the main line of treating the affording houses, low-cost rental houses, limited-price houses and public rental houses as main mode and housing accumulation funds system as supplementary. The history process of the reform of housing system and the emerging, development and refinement of housing security system is also reviewed here. In-depth study on the generation, present situation and the mechanism of current housing security system of treating the affording houses, low-cost rental houses, limited-price houses and public rental houses as main mode and housing accumulation funds system as supplementary is taken here. Comparison of the coverage, objects, applying standard, unit, area and trading among these four modes is presented here. Through the analyses mentioned above, combined with experiences of developed countries, the common problems in China’s housing security system are figured out. Through the analysis of typical cases in China in recent years, the outstanding problems and their nature in current systems with four main modes and a supplementary system are analyzed profoundly here with following main conclusions:（1）The housing security system with four main modes and a supplementary is an effective way to solve the current housing problems for middle- and low-income families. Accompanied with continuous reforming in housing system, real estate industry has become a pillar industry, playing an irreplaceable role in the development of national economy. However, due to over-reliance on the “invisible hand” of market, market failure and defects on some housing policies, some places’ housing prices keep high, causing that most people could not buy houses on their own especially for those middle- and low-income families. In recent years, Party and government come to realize the importance and urgency in establishing housing security system, getting to recognize the multi-layer housing security system as the effective way to solve the housing problems of middle- and low-income families and valid solution of stabilize house prices by playing the role of government as “visible hand”.(2) To guide residents to establish a correct concept of housing consumptionThe conversion and update is the ideological foundation of establishment of new constitution. In the process of establish and refine the housing security system and mechanism, we should strengthen the propaganda to guide urban residents to establish a correct concept of housing consumption. At the same time, certain conditions should be provided to enhance propaganda. The government should be clear with its dominant role and limited responsibility in establishing housing security system. The object of government is to solve the housing problems of middle- and low-income families but not to improve residents’ living conditions. （3）Special laws and regulations on housing security is the foundation of the healthy development of housing security systemCompared with developed countries, the legalization process of China’s housing security systems is lagging behind without specialized law and regulation system on housing security. There are only a few notifications, guidance and approaches aiming at housing security policy and system level by State Council and Ministry of Construction. Most of them are policy provisions, with arbitrariness and instability in on the legal level. It is understood that the NPC Standing Committee is working for laws specialized for housing security system. But for now, there are no laws as “Housing Law”, “Basic Housing Protecting Law” or “Housing Security Regulation”. Therefore, related laws or regulations on housing security system needs to be made according to present situation.（4）Funds of housing security and various financial, fiscal and tax policy for housing security are the guarantee for the healthy development of housing security system.The key in construction of indemnificatory apartments is the funds and financial, fiscal and tax supporting system specialized for indemnificatory apartments construction and consuming. The funds for indemnificatory apartments come mainly from four aspects: first, the central and local fiscal budget; second, construction and operation of social investment; third, long-term credit funds of band; finally, balance of value-added benefits after subtracting risk reserve and manage fee. Housing financial policy mainly consists of two main contents: the Housing accumulation funds system and housing consumer credit policy. Ensuring the source of funds for housing security and playing the supplementary role of housing security policies is the strong support for the healthy development housing security system.（5）Improving the housing security operation mechanism is the core of the healthy development of housing security system.The urban housing security system is a systematic project, especially for designing and implementing operation mechanism of housing security mode which is more complicated. Completion of housing security operation mechanism should include supply planning system, advance and retreat management system, supporting system and funds operation system for affordable houses, low-cost rental houses, limited-price houses and public rental houses. These four parts are integral unity of the whole. Lacking of anyone of the four parts will affect the development of housing security system, reducing the active effect of housing security policy and finally affecting the realization of the goal of policies.(6) Built an analysis on main factors affecting urban housing security modes as well as a framework model preliminarily.Choosing of urban housing security mode is essential for the sustainable development of housing security system and it is under the influence of several factors. According to the literature review and the experience of developing domestic and foreign housing security, combined with the process and operating conditions of housing security system in China, and learned on the comments and suggestions of experts, this research selected a number of factors as the main factors which affect the choice of housing security mode, preliminarily built an analysis on these main factors as well as a framework model, and made further validation on the framework model. It will play a referencing and suggestive role in making choice of China's urban housing security mode. It will open up new avenues for further study on this area.