随着“大众创业，万众创新”概念在 2014 年首次被提出，创新、创业思想 逐步走进大众视野。作为政府工作重点，“双创”对于中国的发展有着非常重要 的意义。创业不仅给经济增长提供动力，还是解决发展中国家普遍存在的就业问 题的重要渠道。研究创业的影响因素不仅可以加深对创业行为理解，还能为国家 相关政策的实施提供依据。以往对创业的研究主要聚焦在促进创业的相关因素， 与之同等重要的话题可能是，什么样的因素可能会导致家庭退出创业。遗憾的是， 这方面的研究并不多。本文从中国家庭文化出发，研究家庭人口结构对家庭退出 决策的影响。在中国，尽管父母与子女之间的代际关系紧密，但家业“传男不传 女”的思想仍然盛行，这种思想在计划生育国策下会对创业行为产生更多的影响， 可能导致女孩家庭持续创业的动机下降，本文即对这种子女性别差异对家庭创业 行为的影响进行分析。借助中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，以家庭为单位，运 用固定效应的 Probit 模型，本文的研究首先发现，对于从事创业活动的核心家 庭来说，新生儿对家庭创业决策有影响，当有一个孩子出生时，户主更倾向于退 出创业。这种影响在孩子性别上存在差异：当一个家庭有女孩出生时，户主更倾 向于退出创业；而男孩的出生对家庭创业决策的影响不显著，证实了“传男不传 女”的文化假说。进一步从城乡异质性的角度考虑，研究发现：家庭中新生儿的 出生对城镇居民退出创业决策有正向影响，对农村居民退出创业决策的影响不显 著。本文的研究丰富了家庭结构与创业决策关系的文献。政策意涵上，营造没有 性别歧视的公平市场环境，是缓解这种创业决策扭曲的根本性举措。

With the concept of "public entrepreneurship and innovation" first proposed in 2014, the ideas of innovation and entrepreneurship have gradually entered the public's field of vision. As the focus of government work, "double innovation" is of great significance to China's development. Entrepreneurship not only provides impetus to economic growth, it is also an important channel for solving the employment problems that prevail in developing countries. Studying the influencing factors of entrepreneurship can not only deepen the understanding of entrepreneurial behavior, but also provide a basis for the implementation of relevant national policies. Previous research on entrepreneurship has mainly focused on related factors that promote entrepreneurship. An equally important topic may be what factors may cause families to withdraw from entrepreneurship. Unfortunately, there is not much research in this area. Based on Chinese family culture, this article studies the influence of family population structure on family exit decision-making. In China, despite the close intergenerational relationship between parents and children, the idea of “passing on men but not passing on women” in family business is still prevalent. This idea will have more influence on entrepreneurial behavior under the national policy of family planning, which may lead to The motivation of girls ’family to continue entrepreneurship is declining. This article analyzes the impact of this gender difference on children ’s entrepreneurial behavior. With the help of the China Family Panel Studies Datas, using the family-based probit model of fixed effects, the research in this paper first found that for nuclear families, newborns have an impact on family entrepreneurship decisions. When a child is born, the head of the household is more inclined to withdraw from entrepreneurship. This effect differs in the gender of the child: when a family is born with a girl, the head of the household is more inclined to quit entrepreneurship; and the impact of the birth of the boy on the family ’s entrepreneurial decision-making is not significant, confirming the cultural hypothesis of “passing on men not passing on women”. Considering further from the perspective of urban-rural heterogeneity, the study found that the birth of a newborn in the family has a positive effect on the decision of entrepreneurs to withdraw from entrepreneurship in urban areas, but has no significant impact on the decision to withdraw from entrepreneurship in rural areas. The research in this article enriches the literature on the relationship between family structure and entrepreneurial decision-making. In terms of policy, creating a fair market environment without gender discrimination is a fundamental measure to alleviate this kind of entrepreneurial decision distortion.