实验是物理学的基础，作为未来教师的物理专业免费师范生，其物理实验能力对未来教学的影响至关重要。而通过对免费师范生物理实验能力结构的界定，能够更好的确定免费师范生相关培养计划。本研究从能力的概念入手，定义免费师范生物理实验能力；以卡洛尔提出的智力三层级理论( the three stratum theory of intelligence)结构为依据，完成免费师范生物理实验能力结构框架，构建免费师范生物理实验能力体系，将物理实验能力进一步细化为智能和技能两个方面；又根据免费师范生物理实验能力结构，对物理实验智能、技能进行探究，确定构成免费师范生物理实验智能和技能的能力要素并进行定性解释；最后，以北京师范大学物理系08级免费师范生为样本，对免费师范生物理实验能力各构成因素联系、要素特性及能力特点做了粗略分析。

Physics is based on experiment. As a free normal students of Physics, it’s physics experiment capacity in experimental teaching of future is very important. And through to the physical experiment capacity structure definition, we can determine a better relevant training plan. The study was from the definition of ability. First, According to Carroll's ‘The three stratum theory of intelligence’, we completed the definition of physical experimental capacity for free normal students. Then, build the system of physical experiment capacity and make it be divided into two aspects of intelligence and skill. Determine the capacity of elements constitute the intelligence and skill of physical experiment capacity. Eventually, we use 08 undergraduate free normal students of Beijing Normal University, Physics as samples, analyzes the elements and ability characteristics.