农村基层党组织与村民委员会是农村权力结构中最关键的两个组织，实施村级组织负责人“一肩挑”是全面推进乡村振兴战略的重要举措。当前，全面落实“一肩挑”制度已成为村域治理的既存社会事实，其后续制度化实践及实效的相关研究需要深入推进。然而，许多农村基层党组织仍然存在“弱化、虚化、边缘化”等问题，在资源下乡过程中出现组织错位、职责不清、权威弱化等现象，基层党组织的引领示范作用离乡村组织振兴的要求还有很长一段距离，有必要进一步优化“一肩挑”的实施机制。因此，健全村党组织领导的村级组织体系是未来乡村振兴战略中提升治理水平的关键举措。

首先，分析“一肩挑”实施机制的理论基础。通过文献梳理，本研究选择以历史制度主义和多重制度逻辑作为理论基础，先按照多重制度逻辑对乡村社会行动者进行划分，构建“国家-乡镇-村庄”的行动者体系，再以动力机制、路径依赖和深层结构作为“一肩挑”实施机制的构成要素，阐释各级行动者对各构成要素产生的作用效果，由此搭建起本研究的“行动者-要素”理论分析框架。其次，阐释“一肩挑”实施机制的具体实践。一方面，本研究选取三个典型村庄作为分析国家、乡镇和村庄影响“一肩挑”实施机制的现实经验。这些实践可归结为三种不同类型的实践特征，具体包括由以驻村工作队和村支书为支撑的组织推动模式、以招才引智为切入点的人才推动模式、以村集体经济发展为龙头的产业推动模式。另一方面，在挖掘村庄中各行动主体的制度逻辑的基础上，归纳总结各制度逻辑如何共同作用于所在的构成要素，并形成九对互动策略，进而分析各构成要素间如何交互影响并形成了三组联结关系，正是由制度逻辑和构成要素组成的互动网络形塑了“一肩挑”的实施机制。最后，提出“一肩挑”实施机制的优化策略。通过对比研究，本研究探索出乡村振兴背景下优化“一肩挑”制度的实施路径，一是通过健全保障制度，畅通内部人才交流，实行定向吸纳等举措强化实施动力。二是通过完善权力监督机制，强化乡镇内引外联功能，继续壮大村级集体经济等方式深化实施路径。三是筑牢安全屏障，助推返乡入乡热潮，充分挖掘乡镇区位优势，创造农业转型变革良好环境等举措优化实施结构。

Rural grass-roots party organizations and villagers' committees are the two most critical organizations in the rural power structure, and it is an important measure to comprehensively promote the rural revitalization strategy to implement the "one-shoulder responsibility" of village-level organization leaders. At present, the full implementation of the "one-shoulder-lifting" system has become an existing social fact in village governance, and the related research on its subsequent institutionalized practice and effectiveness needs to be further promoted. However, many rural grass-roots party organizations still have problems such as "weakening, blurring and marginalization". In the process of resources going to the countryside, there are some phenomena such as dislocation of organizations, unclear responsibilities and weakening of authority. The leading and exemplary role of grass-roots party organizations is still a long way from the requirements of revitalizing rural organizations, so it is necessary to further optimize the implementation mechanism of "shouldering the burden". Therefore, perfecting the village-level organization system led by the village party organization is the key measure to improve the governance level in the future rural revitalization strategy.

First of all, analyze the theoretical basis of the implementation mechanism of "one shoulder to shoulder". Through literature review, this study chooses historical institutionalism and multiple institutional logic as the theoretical basis, first divides rural social actors according to multiple institutional logic, and constructs an actor system of "country-township-village", then takes dynamic mechanism, path dependence and deep structure as the constituent elements of "one-shoulder-lifting" implementation mechanism, and explains the effect of actors at all levels on each constituent element, thus establishing the "actor-element" theory of this study. Secondly, explain the specific practice of the implementation mechanism of "one shoulder to shoulder". On the one hand, this study selects three typical villages as the practical experience to analyze the influence of countries, towns and villages on the implementation mechanism of "one-shoulder-lifting". These practices can be summed up in three different types of practical characteristics, including the organizational promotion mode supported by the resident team and the village branch secretary, the talent promotion mode with recruiting talents as the starting point, and the industrial promotion mode with the development of village collective economy as the leading factor. On the other hand, on the basis of excavating the institutional logic of various actors in the village, this paper sums up how the institutional logic works together on their constituent elements, and forms nine pairs of interactive strategies, and then analyzes how the constituent elements interact and form three groups of connection relationships. It is the interactive network composed of institutional logic and constituent elements that shapes the implementation mechanism of "shouldering the burden". Finally, the optimization strategy of "one-shouldered" implementation mechanism is put forward. Through comparative study, this study explores the implementation path of optimizing the "one-shoulder-lifting" system under the background of rural revitalization. First, it strengthens the implementation momentum by improving the security system, smoothing the exchange of internal talents, and implementing targeted absorption. The second is to deepen the implementation path by improving the power supervision mechanism, strengthening the function of internal and external introduction in towns and villages, and continuing to expand the village-level collective economy. The third is to build a security barrier, boost the upsurge of returning home to rural areas, fully tap the location advantages of villages and towns, and create a good environment for agricultural transformation and transformation to optimize the implementation structure.