莱因哈特·科泽勒克是20世纪下半叶最重要的史学家和史学理论家之一，他的历史时间理论尤其具有独特性和启发性。德国20世纪动荡的历史和变动的史学思潮是培植理论的现实土壤，其理论思考一定程度上是对现实变化的回应和反思。科泽勒克对历史时间理论的思考大致可以分为两个阶段，前一阶段受到海德格尔、伽达默尔和洛维特的影响，以“经验空间”和“期待视域”为核心范畴探究过去、现在与未来的关系，分析欧洲历史中时间经验的变化，并对以未来为导向、以进步为特征的思辨式历史哲学提出批评。后一阶段受到赫尔德和布罗代尔的启发，主张历史时间具有“不同时代的同时代性”的特点，最终凝练为“时间层次”这一具有隐喻特征的术语，揭示历史时间的多维层次。历史是在独特事件和重复结构相互依赖和相互作用的时间维度下发生发展的，对多重时间维度的认识有助于我们更好的理解历史中的连续、断裂与冲突。科泽勒克对历史时间的分析通常采用了概念史的语义分析方法，而概念本身也具有内时间结构，这就将实证研究和理论思考结合了起来。科泽勒克对历史时间的思考提醒我们历史和史学研究的复杂性，实际上历史具有多重面向，历史时间理论有助于我们认识那谜一般的过去。

Reinhart Koselleck is one of the most important historians and historical theorists in the second half of the twentieth century. His theory of historical time is particularly unique and enlightening. The turbulent history and fluctuating historical thoughts in Germany in the 20th century are the realistic soil for cultivating theory, thus his theoretical thinking is to a certain extent a response and reflection on changes in reality. Koselleck’s thinking on historical time can be roughly divided into two stages. The previous stage was influenced by Heidegger, Gadamer and L?with, with "space of experience" and "horizon of expectation" as the core categories. He explores the relationships between the past, present and the future, analyzes the changes of time experience in European history, and criticizes the speculative philosophy of history that is future-oriented and characterized by progress. The latter stage was inspired by Herder and Braudel. He advocates that historical time has the characteristic of “simultaneity of the nonsimultaneous”, and finally he condenses this expression into the metaphorical term “sediments of time”, revealing the multidimensionality of historical time. History develops under the time dimensions of interdependence and interaction between unique events and repetitive structures. The understanding of multiple time dimensions helps us to better understand the continuity, fracture and conflicts in history. Koselleck's analysis of historical time usually uses the semantic analysis of conceptual history and the concept itself has an internal time structure, which combines empirical research and theoretical thinking together. Koselleck's theory of historical time reminds us of the complexity of history and historical studies. In fact, history has multiple dimensions. Historical time theory can help us understand the mysterious past.