本文采用物候学的方法，利用各类文献记录对1653-1654年东部地区寒冷事件的具体情况、成因以及影响进行分析。通过古今对比的方式确定了1653-1654年东部地区整体气温较现代更低，物候期推迟，相当于纬度北移2°-3°。1653年东部多地出现强降雪天气，长江中下游流域内河流及汉水、黄浦江、湘江等支流都出现了封冻现象，极端低温在-13℃以下。1654年南方亚热带作物受到严重冻害，沿海地区出现强降雪天气，降雪范围南移到闽桂粤三省。黄河、淮河、长江中下游部分干流以及黄浦江支流、京杭大运河全线、东海北部都出现了冰冻现象。1654年冬季我国长江中下游地区低温可达-15℃，东海北部气温一度稳定在-20℃左右，极端低温可达到-20℃~-30℃。这次事件的寒冷程度超过了现代最冷年，可以确定为重度寒冷事件，对于事件的成因，认为可能是受到强势冬季风活动及重大火山活动的影响。1653-1654年的寒冷事件造成了大量的人畜死伤，对人们的身体健康、日常出行、取暖、用水、穿衣都带来了影响与挑战。低温冻害导致粮食作物受灾，小麦收获的时令受到影响，不少地区冬季出现饥荒，对江西、浙江、江苏几地的柑橘种植业也造成了严重打击。冬季河流的冰期延长，冰情界线南移直接影响到漕粮的交兑与运输。

In this paper, the specific conditions, causes and effects of cold events in eastern China during 1653-1654 are analyzed by means of phenology and various literature records. Through the comparison between ancient and modern, it is determined that the overall temperature in the eastern region in 1653-1654 was lower than that in modern times, and the phenology period was delayed, which is equivalent to the northerly latitude shift of 2°-3°. In 1653, heavy snowfall occurred in many places in the east, and the rivers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and tributaries such as the Han River, Huangpu River and Xiang River all froze, with extreme low temperatures below -13℃. In 1654, subtropical crops in the south suffered serious frost damage, and heavy snowfall weather appeared in coastal areas, and the snowfall scope moved south to Fujian, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The Yellow River, the Huaihe River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the tributaries of the Huangpu River, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and the northern part of the East China Sea have all been frozen. In the winter of 1654, the low temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China could reach -15℃, and the temperature in the north of the East China Sea was once stable at about -20℃, and the extreme low temperature could reach -20℃~-30℃. The cold degree of this event exceeded that of the coldest year in modern times, and it can be determined as a severe cold event. The cause of this event is believed to be influenced by strong winter wind and major volcanic activities. The cold events of 1653-1654 caused a large number of human and animal deaths and injuries, and brought challenges to people's health, daily travel, heating, water, and clothing. The low temperature and freezing damage caused the disaster of grain crops, affected the season of wheat harvest, and famine occurred in many areas in winter, which also severely hit the citrus planting industry in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. The extension of river ice period in winter and the southward shift of ice boundary directly affect the exchange and transportation of tribute grain.