自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一系列广泛性的发展性的心理障碍的统称，它的主要特点是沟通和社会交流障碍，和伴随出现的局限性的兴趣、重复性的行为、和刻板的行为和兴趣。尽管已经有很多的研究对ASD的神经基础进行了探索，但是ASD的具体的神经基础还不确定。这篇论文主要是使用静息态fMRI和任务状态fMRI的方法对ASD的神经活动异常作更进一步的调查。研究－1使用静息态fMRI研究了成人ASD患者脑自发活动的局部一致性的异常。22名成人ASD患者和21名正常对照参加了实验。我们发现成人ASD患者比正常对照右侧楔前叶、右侧后扣带回、左侧辅助运动区、左侧中央旁回局部一致性低；而双侧岛叶、左侧额下回延伸至左侧额中回的区域局部一致性高。而且，在ASD组，左侧的旁中央小叶的局部一致性与ADOS得分成明显的负相关；左侧后扣带回的局部一致性与自闭倾向指数（AQ）得分呈现明显的正相关。ASD患者ADOS值越高交流和沟通障碍越严重；AQ值越高自闭症倾向越明显。这个结果说明成人ASD患者存在脑局部一致性的异常，而且在某些特定脑区局部一致性的异常可以预测ASD症状严重程度。同时，我们发现成人ASD患者局部一致性的改变跟儿童和青少年ASD患者局部一致性的改变特征不同。青少年ASD患者表现为局部一致性异常的右侧偏侧化，但是成人ASD患者右侧偏侧化消失。这种差异可能是神经异常发育的影响。因此，在将来的研究中采用大样本纵向设计来进一步研究ASD的脑功能随年龄的变化是非常必要的。研究－2调查了ASD患者在眼中读心任务时心理理论能力的缺陷和这种缺陷的主要社会认知相关脑区活动的异常。24名ASD患者和22名正常对照参与了实验。实验包括两个任务：精神状态任务和年龄任务。我们发现ASD患者跟正常对照相比右侧额下回、右侧颞上回、右侧海马旁回、右侧颞中回、左侧额下回激活比正常对照减低。但是没有发现杏仁核在两组间的激活异常。但以往研究依然支持杏仁核结构在ASD的交流和社会沟通能力缺陷中扮演着非常重要的角色。我们认为ASD中社会认知异常可能与杏仁核的激活异常无关，而与杏仁核的功能连接异常有关。我们没有发现ASD患者和正常对照之间的心理理论能力的差异。我们认为这是任务过于复杂导致的。

Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to a range of conditions. These disorders are typically characterized by impaired communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities. Although lots of studies have been done in ASD, the neural basis of ASD is still unclear. With resting-state fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), study-1 investigated local synchronicity changes in adults with ASD. 22 adults with ASD and 21 healthy controls took part in this study. ReHo was used to evaluate voxel’s local synchronicity. We found, relative to controls, adults with ASD displayed significantly decreased ReHo in the right precuneus, right posterior cingulate cortex, left supplementary motor area and left paracentral lobule. Significantly increased ReHo was observed in the bilateral insula, and in the left inferior frontal gyrus extending to the left middle frontal gyrus in the ASD group. There was a negative correlation between the ReHo in the left paracentral lobule and the ADOS communication and social interaction score in the ASD group. Patietns with higher ADOS score showed severe communication and social interaction deficits. And there was a positive correlation between ReHo magnitude in the left posterior cingulate cortex and AQ scores in the ASD group. Participants with higher AQ score showed more autistic traits. The above findings suggested that, compared with controls, adults with ASD showed abnormal local synchronicity. Moreover, the abnormal local synchronicity in some brain regions was able to predict autistic symptom severity. We also found local synchronicity changes in adults with ASD were different from that in children and adolescents with ASD, for example, adults with ASD did not have the right dominant decreased local synchronization changes, reported in adolescents with ASD. These differences could be the consequence of neural development. Further longitudinal studies in ASD patients are required to elucidate the nature of such neurodevelopmental differences.Study-2 investigated the theory of mind ability deficit and the neural basis of the deficit in adults with ASD with a manipulated eyes task. The manipulated Eyes task included two tasks. One is the“Mind”task. The other is the“Age”task. 24 adults with ASD and 22 healthy controls took part in this study. The manipulated eyes task is very complicated and hard, which might cause the above behavioral results. As for fMRI results, we found subjects with ASD showed lower activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right parahippocampa gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, and left inferior gyrus. We did not find significant difference in amygdala. But it did not mean amygdala was not associated with the social deficit in ASD. It might suggest that the social deficit in ASD might not directly relate to the abnormal activation in the amygdala, but it could still be contributed by the abnormal functional connectivity of the amygdala. We did not find the deficit of the theory of mind ability in the ASD group, which might be because the way we manipulated the Eyes task made it very complicated and hard.