评价系统为语篇分析开辟了新途径，其应用广泛。在分析文学语篇时，我们得知不同的态度意义由不同的评价资源体现，其可以是单声或多声的，是有极差的。然而这样的分析也只是从词汇语法层说明有不同态度意义的存在，而未能解释它们的存在说明了什么。同时，我们还发现，不同的评价资源有着不同的比例、分布特征，这些特征分布又能体现什么呢？于是，我们假设这些态度资源是否按照一定的特征分布来突出语篇主旨，以及它们的背后是否有一个或几个占主导的评价范畴。本文以评价系统为理论框架，对文学语篇《包身工》、《春蚕》、《为奴隶的母亲》和《丈夫》进行分析，研究文学语篇的评价特征分布，重点是研究语篇是否有占主导地位的评价范畴。具体地说，本文分析情感、判断和鉴赏的评价成分的分布主要集中在了哪几个被评价者身上，跟被评价者相关的各个态度成分数量决定了哪几个被评价者的态度成分具有显著特征。于此同时，本文研究具有显著特征的被评价者态度成分分布特征以及其背后所隐藏的评价动机或评价范畴是什么，是否存在占主导地位的评价范畴支配着语篇中的态度成分分布,这些态度成分如何突出文学语篇主旨。此外，本文还分析影响态度成分分布的介入和级差系统，他们的评价资源如何影响态度成分的分布，如何突出文学语篇的主旨。 全文分六章。第一章为引言，介绍研究背景、研究问题、研究方法、研究意义以及论文结构。第二章是理论框架和文献综述，详细介绍评价系统，另外综述国内外有关文学语篇在评价理论视角下的研究。第三章分析表达态度的评价资源与其分布模式，分情感、判断和鉴赏三个小节，按照评价者和被评价者将各个评价资源归纳，重点研究语篇中的各个评价范畴其背后深层次的占主导地位的评价动机或评价范畴。第四章分析介入成分分布模式及其评价资源，重点研究介入成分如何体现的态度意义以及其背后深层次的占主导地位的评价范畴。第五章分析级差成分特点及其评价资源，从数量、强度和聚焦三个范畴出发研究其所锐化或弱化的态度意义和介入意义，并重点分析其背后深层次的占主导地位的评价范畴。第六章是总结，分析四篇文学语篇的相似之处并指出本文的研究缺陷。研究发现：四篇语篇的评价资源比例相当；态度成分特征分布相似，积极与消极成分成一定比例分配，这与被评价者是否具有显著特征密切相关。除了非显著的评价范畴，其它的都围绕其语篇主旨展开评价，并且每篇语篇都有一个具有主导地位的评价范畴，即恰当性。

Appraisal system makes a new way to Discourse Analysis with extensive application. While we are analyzing literary texts, we find that different attitudinal meanings are realized by different appraisal resources, monoglossic or hetergolssic, gradable. However this analysis only shows the existence of different attitudinal meanings in lexico-grammar stratum, elucidates nothing far behind. Moreover, we find that different appraisal resources have different percentages and distributions in text, but what are these distributions realizing for? Therefore, we suppose whether these appraisal resources are distributed according to certain distribution for foregrounding textual theme, and whether there exists one or more oriented appraisal categories that lie far behind.This thesis uses Appraisal System as its main theory, analyzes literary texts: the Contract Labours, Chuncan, A Hired Wife and Husband, studies the distribution of appraisal elements in literary texts, and especially study whether there is one appraisal category which can dominate the other category in texts. To be specific, this thesis studies which appraisee the distribution of every appraisal elements in Affect, Judgment and Appreciation focuses on, and which attitudinal elements, which are determined by the amount of every attitudinal element relevant to appraisee, have the salient features. At the same time, this thesis studies the distribution of attitudinal elements associated with appraisee who has salient features, the hidden appraisal emotive or appraisal category, whether there is one dominated appraisal category which dominates the distribution of attitudinal elements in texts, and how these attitudinal element highlight the gist of literary texts. Moreover, this thesis also studies that the Engagement and Graduation system that influence the distribution of attitudinal elements, how their appraisal resources influence the distribution of attitudinal elements, how they highlight the gist of literary texts. This thesis consists of six chapters. Chapter one is introduction, which introduces research background, research questions, research methodologies, research significance and thesis structure. Chapter two is theoretical framework and literature review, which introduces Appraisal System specifically and reviews the domestic and overseas research on literary texts in the perspective of Appraisal Theory. Chapter three analyzes the attitudinal appraisal resources and their distribution patterns, which consists of three sub-chapters, categorizes them by the principles of appraiser and appraisee, and especially analyzes the appraisal categories and the hidden appraisal motive or category. Chapter four analyzes the distribution pattern of Engagement elements, their appraisal resources, and especially analyzes how Engagement elements realize the attitudinal meanings and what their hidden, deep-seated, dominated appraisal category is. Chapter five analyzes the characteristics of Graduation elements and their appraisal resources, their sharpened or softened attitudinal and engagemental meaning by starting from Quantification, Intensification and Focus three categories, and especially analyzes their hidden, deep-seated and dominated appraisal category. Chapter six is conclusion, which analyzes the similarities of four literary texts and draws the defects of this thesis.It is found that: the percentages of appraisal resources in four texts are similar; the distribution of appraisal elements is similar; positive and negative elements are distributed according to certain percentages, which is closely related with these appraisees who are with foregrounding features or not. Except for non-foregrounding appraisal categories, the others unfold around textual theme. Moreover, every text has an oriented appraisal category, namely: Propriety.