本文通过对家庭收入调查1988年至2018年的数据进行分析，探究以父母教育、家庭收入、家庭人口数等家庭背景因素对于子女教育获得的影响。通过对不同出生年份的子女进行对比研究可知，整体样本接受初中后教育的比例都在增加，城镇样本的初中后教育获得比例大于农村，女性大于男性。进一步构建高中阶段教育和高等教育获得可能性的Logit模型得出，对于初中后教育，父亲教育的正向影响在后期减弱，家庭收入的正向影响从整体上也在逐渐减小。家庭人口数越多，子女接受高等教育的可能性越低，且对于高等教育机会，这种影响还在扩大。同时通过对影响因素的oaxaca分解可知，随着子女出生年份的后移，父亲教育和家庭收入对于初中后教育的城乡及性别差异的解释力在逐渐下降。

This article analyzes the data of the Chinese Household Income Project from 1988 to 2018, and explores the impact of parental education, family income, family population and other factors on children’s education. A comparative study of children of different birth years shows that the proportion of the overall sample receiving post-junior education is increasing. The proportion of urban samples receiving post-junior education is greater than that in rural areas, and women are greater than men. Further constructing the Logit model of the possibility of obtaining high school education and higher education, it is concluded that for post-junior education, the positive influence of father’s education weakens in the later period, and the positive influence of family income is also gradually decreasing as a whole. The larger the family population, the lower the possibility of children receiving higher education, and the influence on higher education opportunities is still expanding. Besides, through the oaxaca decomposition of the influencing factors, it can be seen that as the child’s birth year shifts, father’s education and family income are gradually decreasing in explaining the urban-rural and gender differences in post-junior education.