伴随着经济发展和政府职能的转变，社区社会组织在社会发展和治理中承担着越来越重要的作用。老年协会作为社区社会组织的一种在解决老龄化所带来的社会问题上具有独特作用。在政策支持政府牵头下，J街道成立的老年协会展现出较强活力且服务实践取得成效。本文借助“U+B”结构理论的分析视角，通过文献资料收集法和半结构访谈法对北京市J老年协会进行案例研究，挖掘其中价值，探讨其生长路径和政府作用机制对促进社区社会组织的发展具有指导借鉴意义。

在已有文献研究的基础上，研究发现：在政策的扶持下协会具备一定背景优势和资源优势，其生长路径主要表现为初期在政府购买项目中与老人建立信任关系；中期开始以需求为导向探索协会发展方向；目前初步形成了区域养老联合体。协会发展过程中政府的作用表现为，协会成立初期政府“U”处于主导地位。之后，协会逐步参与到决策过程中，突出体现为发展方向的自主选择，政府角色也逐步由指挥者变为指导者，以支持的方式提供资源。到现阶段，政府和协会已经初步形成了“U+B”结构单元，协会“B”的功能得以发挥，职责得以胜任，老人的需求得到满足，社区自组织获得发展。不仅如此，社会、市场资源得到了有效整合利用，协会发展反向促进了政府工作的提升。

究其原因，协会得以良好运行和发展主要得益于政府支持作用的发挥，即“U+B”结构单元的建立。通过分析得出“U+B”结构单元得以建构的条件：一是政府具备社会合法性、行政权力和资金三份资源并有意向递送；二是政府发挥作用的方式是自上而下的帮助和支持，始终保持社区社会组织行动主体地位，并有意识培养其自主发展能力；三是政府负责人要有坚定的信念且愿意为之长久努力。基于对J老年协会生长路径及政府作用机制的研究，提出灵活构建“U+B”结构发展单元、培育寻找符合要求的“U”、完善相关政策法规和搭建多元支持平台，注重培育社区社会组织持续发展能力的政策建议。

本研究期望通过对J老年协会生长路径的阐述、政府发挥作用机制的研究和达成条件的分析为社区社会组织发展提供实质性帮助和可供借鉴的实践经验。

Along with economic development and the transformation of government functions, community social organizations are assuming an increasingly important role in social development and governance. As a kind of community social organization, senior citizens' association has a unique role in solving the social problems brought by aging. With policy support and government leadership, the senior citizens' association established in J street has shown strong vitality and effective service practice. This paper uses the "U+B" structural theory to analyze the case study of Beijing J Senior Citizens' Association through literature collection and semi-structured interviews to explore the value of the association and its growth path and the role of the government in promoting the development of community social organizations.

Based on the existing literature, the study found that the association has certain background and resource advantages with the support of policies, and its growth path is mainly manifested in the establishment of trust relationship with the elderly in the government purchase program in the early stage; in the middle stage, it began to explore the development direction of the association with demand-oriented; and now it has formed a regional elderly association initially. The role of the government in the development process of the association is that the government "U" is in the leading position at the beginning of the association. After that, the association gradually participated in the decision-making process, highlighting the independent choice of development direction, and the role of the government gradually changed from a commander to a guide, providing resources in a supportive manner. At this stage, the government and the association have initially formed a "U+B" structural unit, in which the "B" function of the association can be exercised and its responsibilities can be fulfilled, the needs of the elderly can be met, and the community self-organization can be developed. In addition, social and market resources have been effectively integrated and utilized, and the development of the association has contributed to the improvement of the government's work.

The main reason for this is that the association's good operation and development is due to the government's support role, i.e., the establishment of the "U+B" structural unit. The conditions for the establishment of the "U+B" structural unit are: first, the government has three resources: social legitimacy, administrative power and funding, and intends to deliver them; second, the government's role is to help and support from the top down, always maintaining the status of the main body of community social organization action, and consciously fostering its self-development capacity; third, the government's head must have a strong commitment to the development of community social organizations. Thirdly, the person in charge of the government should have a strong belief and be willing to work for a long time. Based on the study of the growth path of J senior associations and the government's role mechanism, we propose to flexibly build "U+B" structure development units, cultivate and find "U" that meet the requirements, improve relevant policies and regulations and build a multi-faceted support platform, and focus on cultivating community social organizations This study is expected to provide policy recommendations for the sustainable development of community social organizations.

This study expects to provide substantial help and practical experience for the development of community social organizations through the elaboration of the growth paths of J senior associations, the study of the government's role in the mechanism and the analysis of the achievement conditions.