2011年我国贫困地区提出实施生态移民工程，目的是保护当地生态环境、降低贫困人口、发展区域经济，将生活在生态脆弱区或者重要生态功能区的人口迁移，实现资源、环境、经济、社会、人口协调发展。作为国家确定的18个集中连片特殊困难地区之一的宁夏六盘山区，是我国 “老、少、边、穷”地区的典型，这里不仅自然条件十分恶劣，而且经济发展非常滞后，苦甲天下。据统计，目前尚有贫困人口100余万人，其中生活在不宜居住的有35万人。针对该地区气候干旱、水资源的瓶颈制约、生态退化、土地荒漠化、人口超载压力持续加大、长期贫困激化社会矛盾的风险加剧的现状，宁夏回族自治区党委、政府启动并实施了宁夏生态移民攻坚工程，这是宁夏“十二五”期间重大的扶贫开发战略工程、也是最大的民生工程、还是最大的生态保护工程。宁夏的生态移民工程，系统且庞大，仅生态移民后续发展问题都十分纷繁复杂，容易出现各种各类问题，切实加强对生态移民区后续发展问题的研究和政策扶持，对加快宁夏扶贫攻坚进程、转变经济发展方式、实现山川协调发展，全面建成小康社会具有重大历史和现实意义。本文通过深入调查宁夏自发性生态移民和政府主导生态移民的现状，分析出了两种不同模式分别存在的问题。即宁夏自发性生态移民存在户籍问题没有解决，土地管理难度大，社会治安隐患多政府投入不足，发展生产、自主创业贷款难，受教育程度不高，培训、就业、创业难等突出问题。而宁夏政府主导生态移民存在水资源、土地资源紧缺等环境问题，安置区基础设施建设投资不足等社区问题，以及后续产业发展空间有限、产业结构不合理、移民转产就业渠道狭窄等后续发展问题。本文采用发放回收大量有效调查问卷，应用SPSS软件对两种生态移民模式后续发展问题进行分析。通过对宁夏自发性生态移民、宁夏政府主导生态移民问卷单独分析，从比较分析再到全面分析，得出客观上生态移民的后续发展原因，从原因中找出在不同模式下，生态移民趋向的发展方向，以及最亟待解决的掣肘问题。最后基于调查问卷的案例分析，提出完善宁夏生态移民后续发展的措施建议。一方面对推进所有生态移民后续发展给出意见建议，另一方面针对自发性生态移民和政府主导生态移民这两种不同模式，因地制宜，给出不同的意见建议。

In 2011, the poor areas of China proposed the implementation of ecological immigration projects. To protect the local ecological environment, reducing poverty population, the development of regional economy, will be living in the ecological fragile area or important ecological function areas of population migration, resource, environment, economy and society, the coordinated development of population.As determined by the state 18 contiguous areas with special difficulties of Ningxia Liupan Mountain, is typical of China's "old, less, side, and poor areas, here is not only extremely harsh natural conditions, and economic development is lagging behind, bitter heaven. According to statistics, there are currently more than 100 of the population in poverty, one living in the inhospitable 350000 people. In view of the regional climate drought, water resources bottleneck, ecological degradation, desertification, population overload pressure continued to increase, the risk of long-term poverty intensified social conflicts, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Party committee and government to start and implement the Ningxia ecological immigrant project of assault fortified positions, which is ecological conservation projects in Ningxia, the "12th Five Year" period of major of poverty alleviation and development strategy project, also is the biggest livelihood projects, is the largest. Ningxia ecological immigrant project, the system and the huge, only ecological migrants follow-up development are very complex, prone to all kinds of problems, strengthen of ecological migrants District follow-up development research and policy support, to accelerate Ningxia poverty alleviation process, change the mode of economic development, realize the coordinated development of the mountains and rivers, build comparatively well-off society in the round is of great historical and realistic significance.Through the investigation of the status quo of the ecological migrants and government led ecological migrants in Ningxia, the paper analyzes the problems of two different models. The existence of spontaneous ecological migrants of Ningxia household does not solve the problem, difficulties in land management, social security risks more than lack of government investment, production development, independent business loans difficult, education level is not high, training, employment, entrepreneurship is difficult to highlight the problem. And the Ningxia government led ecological migrants existing water resources, shortage of land resources and other environmental problems, placement and lack of infrastructure construction investment community, and the subsequent development of the space industry Co., the industrial structure is not reasonable, immigration converting narrow channels of employment and subsequent development problems.This paper uses a large number of valid questionnaires distributed to the application of SPSS software to analyze the follow-up development of two ecological migration patterns. Through the spontaneous ecological migrants of Ningxia, Ningxia government led ecological immigration questionnaire analysis alone, through analysis and comparison to comprehensive analysis, concluded that the objective of ecological migration in the latter development. From the reasons found in different patterns, trends in ecological migration direction of development, and the most urgent constraints problem.Finally, the paper based on the case analysis of the questionnaire, the suggestions for improving the follow-up development of the ecological migrants in Ningxia are put forward.. On the one hand to promote all ecological migrants follow-up development to give the opinions and suggestions, on the other hand for spontaneous ecological immigration and government led ecological migration in the two different modes, adjust measures to local conditions, give different opinions and suggestions.