教育评价是依据事先确定的教育目标，通过一定的方法对教育进行评定的过程，它是教育活动的核心问题之一，也是提高学校管理水平和课堂教学质量，以及激发并维持教师和学生行为动机的重要手段。增值评价是20世纪70年代以来兴起的一种评价方式，它已被多个国家和地区作为教育管理和教学质量评估的重要依据。相比于传统的评价方式，一方面，增值评价注重在一段时期内教师教学质量和学生学业成绩提高的“相对量”，从而使学生进步的程度以及教师在学生进步中所做出的贡献得以呈现，这有助于对学生和教师予以更加公允的评价，激发他们发展自我、完善自我的动力，另一方面，增值评价全面地考量了影响学生学业成绩和教师工作表现的多种因素，这有助于管理者对学校的发展予以更加科学的诊断，为学校管理制度的完善提供指向明确的“处方”。故而，增值评价虽不能完全替代传统的教育评价方式，但它却有着传统教育评价方式难以比拟的优点，不失为对传统评价方式的有益补充。本研究即是在对增值评价的理论进行简要归纳的基础上，通过对北京市X高中学生考试分数增值与平均分、升学率等数据的对比，探究增值评价与原有评价方式所得结果的异同，并从中发现原有评价方式存在的问题与不足，进而对X高中教师、学生评价方案以及班级建制、教师资源配置以及教师评价等方面给出建议和意见。通过数据的分析和对比，我们发现增值评价与学校原始评价存在显著的差异。增值评价更有效地反映了学生的学习基础和发展潜能，更客观公正的反映了教师的工作态度和工作业绩，基于此，我们队X高中的教育教学管理提出如下建议：班级管理方面建议：设立实验班，并适当扩大实验班的班数或规模；关注班级中男女生学习差异，合理配置班级男女生比例；加强文科、理科教学研究，提高理科增值； 加强普通班的教育教学管理，提升学校整体增值；以班级为单位反馈学生学科增值结果，促进学生全员发展。教师任用、培训和评价方面建议：增值评价和原始评价相结合，用增值评价促进每个学生发展；利用学生成绩增值，建立以目标为导向的人事安排机制；围绕提升学校效能开展教师培训和课题研究。

The educational assessment is the evaluation process of education which based on a pre-determined education goal and through certain methods. The educational assessment is one of the core issue of education activities, and the important mean for improving the quality of school management and classroom teaching, as well as arousing and preserving behavior motivation of teachers and students.Value-added assessment is the evaluation way has grown up since the 1970s, which has become the important basis of educational management and teaching quality evaluation in many countries and regions. Compared with the traditional way of evaluation, on the one hand, the value-added assessment puts a high value on “relative amount” of the growth of the teachers’ teaching quality and students' academic performance over a period of time, so that the degree of students' progress and the teachers’ contribution in the students’ progress, and can promote the evaluation of students and teachers to be more fair, and inspire them to develop themselves and improve themselves. On the other hand, value-added assessment fully considers the factors which may affect students' academic achievement and teachers' job performance, so it can provide explicit "prescriptions" for the improvement of the management system of school. Overall, although value-added assessment can replace the traditional way of education evaluation, it’s a useful supplement to the traditional evaluation way.Based on the brief summary of the theories of value-added assessment, taking X senior middle school as sample, this thesis compared the value-added of scores and students' average scores, enrollment rate, to find the similarities and differences between, and then found the deficiencies of the traditional evaluation way. At last, this thesis provided some suggestions for the evaluation scheme of teachers and students, the organization of class, the resource allocation of teachers’ and so on.By the analysis and comparison, we found that the difference between the evaluation results of the value-added assessment and the traditional evaluation way is obvious. When reflect the students' learning basis and development and reflect the teacher's work attitude and work performance, the value-added assessment is more effective and notarization. Based on these, we provided some suggestions for the educational management of the X senior middle school:The advices for class management: to set up the experimental classes, and expand the amount and scale of experimental classes; to pay attention to the differences between the male and female students, and distribute the male/female students ratio reasonably; to strengthen the teaching research of the liberal art or the science, and promote the value-added of the science ; to improve the teaching management of the regular class, to enhance the overall value-added of school; taking classes as unite, to give feedback of the value-added to students, and promote the development of all students. The advices for the employ, training, and evaluation of the teachers: to combine the value-added assessment and the traditional way of evaluation, and promotes the development of each student; based on students’ the value-added, to establish a personnel goal-oriented mechanism, and develop school’s efficiency by teachers training and research project.