突发公共卫生事件是指在短时间内突然发生，对公众健康产生严重影响和危害的事实。它所具备的发生的突然性、范围的不特定性、原因的复杂性、危害的严重性等特点要求政府必须能够科学有效地应对。实践证明，成功应对突发公共卫生事件需要对政府权力进行合理的配置。因此，需要各国政府不断调整其权力的分配与运行，来保障政府可以应对自如，我国的情况也是如此。

在社会城镇化和现代化程度不断提高的背景下，人口流动的速率愈发频繁，地理空间的跨度加大，生活方式也发生了转变。随之而来，突发公共卫生事件开始以各种人们意想不到的形式发生，不仅给人们的日常生活带来了困扰，同时也对国家的公共秩序和公共安全造成了威胁。2020年初，新冠肺炎疫情从武汉蔓延至全国，这也暴露了中国政府在应对突发公共卫生事件中的不足和短板。通过从法律层面对政府在突发公共卫生事件应对中的权力配置研究，结合现实情况探索解决路径，以期改善政府权力配置，进一步完善我国的应急管理体制，提高对突发公共卫生事件防范的科学性和有效性。

本文依据突发公共卫生事件发生、发展的过程中政府权力配置的状态，梳理突发公共卫生事件应对中政府权力配置的不足，试图改变理论界和实务界将两者混淆的局面，为政府权力的合理配置奠定理论基础。通过对美国、英国和日本在突发公共卫生事件应对中政府权力配置的比较分析后，结合我国政府在突发公共卫生事件应对中存在的优缺点，给出我国突发公共卫生事件应对中政府权力合理配置的建议。笔者认为我国突发公共卫生事件应对中政府权力配置的完善路线应该是：常设和临时应急组织相结合；授权、控权并重；疫情发布权的重新配置。

A public health emergency refers to the fact that occurs suddenly in a short period of time and has a serious impact and harm on public health. Its characteristics such as suddenness of occurrence, unspecified scope, complexity of causes, and seriousness of harm require the government to be able to deal with it scientifically and effectively. Practice has proved that successful response to public health emergencies requires a reasonable allocation of government powers. Therefore, governments of all countries need to constantly adjust the distribution and operation of their powers to ensure that the governments can deal with it freely, and this is also the case in our country.

In the context of increasing social urbanization and modernization, the rate of population movement has become more frequent, the span of geographic space has increased, and the way of life has also changed. Subsequently, public health emergencies began to occur in various unexpected forms, which not only brought troubles to people's daily lives, but also threatened the public order and public safety of the country. At the beginning of 2020, the new crown pneumonia epidemic spread from Wuhan to the whole country, which also exposed the deficiencies and shortcomings of the Chinese government in responding to public health emergencies. By studying the government's power allocation in response to public health emergencies from the legal level, and exploring solutions based on the actual situation, it is expected to improve the government's power allocation, further improve my country's emergency management system, and improve the science of preventing public health emergencies. Sex and effectiveness.

Based on the state of government power allocation during the occurrence and development of public health emergencies, this article sorts out the insufficiency of government power allocation in response to public health emergencies, and attempts to change the confusion between the theoretical and practical circles, and make it the government power. The rational configuration lays the theoretical foundation. Based on the comparative analysis of government power allocation in response to public health emergencies in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan, combined with the advantages and disadvantages of the Chinese government in response to public health emergencies, the government in response to public health emergencies in my country is given Suggestions on the reasonable allocation of power. The author believes that the perfect route for the government's power allocation in response to public health emergencies in my country should be: a combination of permanent and temporary emergency response organizations; equal emphasis on authorization and control; and reconfiguration of the power to issue epidemics.