本报告基于人物传记King: A Life序言和前三章的汉译实践，在文本分析的基础上，重点探究翻译过程中源语文本在文化、语义和情感三个层面产生的翻译损失，以及对应的补偿策略和补偿手段。

翻译补偿指通过某种手段，弥补翻译过程中损失的源语文本效果。翻译是两种语言之间的转换，涉及到不同语言系统内部的思维方式、社会文化等差异，这些差异导致翻译损失不可避免。翻译损失是多层面的，包括语义、语用功能、文化因素等。

笔者在报告中回顾了国内外翻译补偿研究现状，结合所译传记的文本特点，归纳出文化、语义和情感三个层面的翻译损失，并对每一层面下的具体译例作出分析，阐明补偿的必要性以及具体的补偿手段。分析发现，针对文化层面的翻译损失，加注是一种简单且有效的补偿方法，但译者应注意加注的原则；针对语义层面的翻译损失，译者应在不改变原文语义且不增加原文没有内容的前提下，尝试使用增译、具体化等不同的补偿手段，充分补偿缺失语义；针对情感层面，译者可通过使用四字词语、转换修辞手法以及强化语言风格三种手段，补偿翻译过程中可能损失的情感色彩，以保证原文情感的表达。

Based on the preface and the first three chapters of the biography King: A Life, this report focuses on exploring the translation losses of the source text in terms of culture, semantics, and affect, as well as the corresponding compensation strategies and methods.

Translation compensation refers to the means by which the loss of effectiveness of the source text is compensated for in the process of translation. Translation is the conversion between two languages, which involves differences of thinking patterns, social cultures, and other aspects within the two language systems. These differences inevitably lead to translation losses which are multifaceted, revealed at semantic, pragmatic, cultural levels, etc.

In this report, the author reviews the current research of translation compensation at home and abroad, and on the basis of the specific textual characteristics, categorizes the translation losses occurring during translation into cultural, semantic, and affectual aspects. Then the author analyzes specific translation examples in each aspect, illustrating why compensation is necessarily employed and how it is employed with certain means. The analysis reveals that for cultural losses, annotation is a simple and effective compensation method, yet translators should pay attention to its principles. For semantic losses, translators are supposed to try diverse compensation means such as amplification and specification to fully compensate for missing semantics but only under the premise of keeping the original semantics and making sure no content not meant in the original text is added. Regarding affectual losses, it is a good idea for translators to use four-character Chinese words, convert rhetorical devices and strengthen language style so that the affectual losses occurring during translation could be compensated for and therefore the conveyance of affect of the original text could be assured.