专家系统（Expert System）常常被用于解释理工科的人工智能等技术，然而它的人文理解在当代更有现实意义；在人文领域，专家系统不仅单单局限于某个专家或者团体，而是包括有形的人和无形的技术在内的由技术成就和专业队伍所组成的系统体系。从现代性的视角来看，专家系统是一种脱域机制，把社会关系从具体情景中直接分离出来；与时空分离机制、制度反思机制并成为现代性的动力来源。专家系统的产生、发展与完善是一个历史演变的过程，与科层体制的建立与发展、知识分子功能的变化以及信任的普遍主义发展密切相关。可以说专家系统是现代性的产物，它的诞生是现代性发展的结果，同时，由于它的形成，现代性以前所未有的速度向前发展。然而，随着专家系统不断发展，伴随着专家系统给人类带来的积极正面效用，由于缺乏一定的监控与反思，由专家系统引发的问题与危机日益浮出水面并愈发严重——官僚体制的臃肿、低效率、人情冷漠；知识分子的技术垄断、与大众的鸿沟扩大；信任实体的不确定性加剧、人文关怀的缺失。问题层出不穷。人们企图用专家系统来规避风险，然而，风险却在规避的过程中进一步加剧。新风险不断诞生，并与旧的风险一起震荡着人们的生活。专家系统满足了人们解决由于知识片面化和追求理智之间造成的矛盾，加快了社会的发展速度、方便了人们的生活；却也造成了人对专家、专家系统的依赖，某种程度上甚至发展成了过度依赖。因此，人们应该反思专家系统在当代的发展，从其产生、发展的原因、基础入手，审视其带来的问题与危机，以求解决的办法。本文正是在这个意义上，提出建立社会反思监控体系。这一体系具有反思性，能够统筹运行、给社会以风险预警并合理监控、调整与修正发展中存在和可能出现的问题。从某种程度上说，社会反思监控系统是更高意义上的专家系统。它的存在与发展也必然会出现问题。然而，在现代性发展的今天，建立社会反思监控系统，毫无疑问是现代社会多种选择中能够避免更多风险的最不差的选择，也是中国走向现代化的必然选项。

Expert System is usually understood by the society as engineering artificial intelligence (AI) technology, apart from that, Expert System also has some social meanings and such meaning reflects more value in the modern world. In the social realm, Expert System is not limited or controlled by some professionals or the groups. It is also a system mechanism composed by technique achievement and professional groups in which of tangible person and intangible technology. From the modernity visual angle, Expert System is a disembeding mechanism, separating the social relationship from the realistic scene and has been turned into a very important dynamic mechanism of modern society with the time and space separation mechanism as well as system reflexivity mechanism.It is a long historical evolutive course of emergence, development and improvement of the expert system, which, in the meanwhile, has close correlation with establishment and development of bureaucracy mechanism, transformation of intellectual function as well as development of universalism trust. Expert system is the outcome of modernity and its naissance is just the result of modernity. At the same time, as the expert system emergence, modernity develops at the unprecedented pace. However, as the continuous development of expert system, with the positive full-face utility, due to the lack of monitoring, many problem and crisis have emerged and even became more severe. For example, overstaffed and inefficient bureaucracy, emotional inhospitality, intellectual’s technology monopolization, intensified uncertainty of trust substantiality and deficient of humanities concern, all of these are the performance of the increasingly developed problem and crisis. Human beings attempt to use expert system to evade venture nevertheless the venture farther intensified unexpectedly during the whole process. New risks unceasingly emerge, and are disturbing people’s life with exsiting venture together.Expert system satisfies people with resolving the contradiction between knowledge unilateralism and intellectualism pursuance and also speeds up social development as well as brings convenient life for people. However, as the continually infiltrating through human’s daily life, the tendency of expert system dependence becomes more and more severe, sometimes even develops into an excessive dependence situation. Therefore, people should reconsider the status of expert system’s contemporary development and survey on its brought problem and crisis then try to find out the better solution.Just from this point, the paper here put the Social monitor and control System onto the table as a proposal. This system has reflexivity therefore it could run overall plan, provide the society caution in advance and monitor, adjust, as well as modify the potential problem which may emerge in social development. In some kind of significance, Social monitor and control System is higher significant expert system. Therefore, there must be some problem during its exist process and development course. However, in the modern society, the establishment of Social monitor and control System is no doubt a not worst choice to avoid more venture in the multifarious social choice and it is also an inevitable choice leading china moves toward the modernity.