《历史与阶级意识》是西方马克思主义的奠基书目之一，从其出版开始就受到了诸多争议。《尾巴主义与辩证法》是卢卡奇为辩护《历史与阶级意识》而写作的，阶级意识是其核心论点之一。本文将通过对于卢卡奇就反驳鲁达斯与德波林主观主义的批评、对于“被归责的”阶级意识的解释与辩护、对于“作为农民的阶级”的讨论来看卢卡奇对于阶级意识问题的认识。本文也将通过分析卢卡奇自我辩护中的阶级意识，指出阶级意识理论在其整体理论中的位置，以及其思想中的列宁主义倾向。最终，可以发现卢卡奇写作《尾巴主义与辩证法》的目的是从方法论层面上为列宁的党的理论提供支持。

History and Class Consciousness is one of the foundations of Western Marxism and its publication has been the subject of much controversy since its inception. Tailism and Dialectic was written by Lukács in defence of History and Class Consciousness, of which “class consciousness” is one of the central arguments. This paper will focus on Lukács's understanding of class consciousness through his rebuttal of subjectivism raised by Rudas and Deborine, his explanation and defence of 'imputed' class consciousness, and his discussion of 'the Peasantry as class'. The paper will also analyse class consciousness in Lukács' self-justification, by pointing out the place of class consciousness theory in his overall theory and the Leninist tendencies in his thought. Ultimately, it can be found that Lukács' aim in Tailism and Dialectics was to provide support for Lenin's theory of the party on a methodological level.