美籍意大利作曲家吉安·卡洛·梅诺蒂（Gian Carlo Menotti）是美国20世纪极具影响力的作曲家。梅诺蒂以歌剧创作见长，一生创作了20余部歌剧作品，深受美国群众喜爱。梅诺蒂歌剧作品与真实主义歌剧相似，却又超越真实主义歌剧，思想高度上升至人文精神层面，常用象征隐喻手法表达某种精神寓意，歌剧《灵媒》是梅诺蒂中期创作的典范作品之一，也是从初期喜剧创作风格转移至悲剧的开端之作。这是一场关于信仰、怀疑与理性矛盾的二幕歌剧。梅诺蒂通过讲述巫师芭芭被幻象所困扰，精神失控制后意外酿成惨剧，传达现代人对精神信仰的缺失。歌剧《灵媒》较传统大歌剧相比，架构较小，梅诺蒂将传统与现代创作技法相结合，利用具有意大利式优美旋律、推动剧情的新颖和声效果、丰富动态视觉等手段把该剧人物性格以及内心活动刻画的十分细致，全剧仅有1小时，但精彩程度绝不亚于传统歌剧。这种新型歌剧样式受到美国大众的热烈追捧，促进美国歌剧多元化发展。除此之外梅诺蒂依附新型科技传播方式拉近歌剧与大众间的距离，歌剧《灵媒》也是美国史上第一部电影歌剧。这种新型的歌剧样式为20世纪歌剧的发展注入新活力，提供新的发展道路。综上所述，梅诺蒂为美国歌剧乃至世界歌剧的发展做出巨大贡献，其音乐作品为我国声乐学习者搭建了解美国音乐文化的桥梁，对我国文化事业发展也有巨大启迪。 梅诺蒂作品传唱时间不长，在中国的影响力远不如其他西方古典音乐家，在中国知名度较低，可供选择的相关参考文献较少，本文意图结合原有文献资料与笔者自身舞台实践经历，从艺术性视角对梅诺蒂歌剧《灵媒》中音乐，戏剧二元因素进行论证分析，为声乐人士提供具有借鉴意义的参考提示。从历史发展视角论述《灵媒》对美国歌剧发展产生的重要历史意义，总结经验，为我国歌剧事业发展提供新思路。

Gian Carlo Menotti, an Italian composer of American descent, is one of influential composers of the 20th century in the United States. He is proficient in opera creation. He creates more than 20 opera works in his life, who is very popular with the people of the United States. His works are similar to the verismo opera. However, to some extent, they also transcend the verismo opera. The height of thought has elevated to the level of the humanistic spirit, and symbolic metaphors have been used to express a certain spiritual meaning in his works. Opera is one of the exemplary works of Menotti’s mid-term creations. It is also the beginning of the change of his creation style , which converts from comedy in early times to tragedy. This is a two-act opera about the conflict between belief, suspicion and reason. By telling Baba, a psychic, who was troubled by illusions and accidentally caused a tragedy after losing control of his mind, Menotti conveys the idea that the modern people lack spiritual belief. Compared with traditional full-length operas, the architecture of The is much simpler. Combining traditional creative techniques with modern creative one, Menotti portrays the personality and inner activities of characters in detail through the use of abundant dynamic vision and novel harmonic effect with the beautiful melody of Italian style. The opera is only one hour, but its spectacular is not inferior to traditional opera.This new style of opera is highly pursued by the American public and promotes the plural development of American opera. In addition, depending on the transmission of new technology, Menotti brings the opera and the public closer. is also the first opera film in the history of the United States. This new style of opera injects new vitality into its industry in 20th century and provides a new path of development . In summary, Menotti makes a great contribution to the development of American opera and even the world opera. His musical works not only build a bridge for vocal learners in our country to understand American music culture, but also edify the development of China's cultural industry. Through a relatively short period of dissemination, Menotti’s works in China are far less influential and famous than that of other Western classical musicians. There are fewer relevant references available for selection. Combining the original documents with the author's practical experience of stage , this paper analyzes the binary factors of music and drama in Menotti's opera from an artistic standpoint.From the perspective of historical development, it discusses the historical significance of to American opera , so as to summarize experience and provides new ideas for the development of China's opera industry.