鲁迅的多篇散文被选入统编版初中语文教科书，成为学生学习的典范。但是鲁迅散文创作于“五四”时期，其语言文字与现行的汉语规范有很大差异。“五四”时期的现代汉语属于早期现代汉语，这一时期的文学作品语言上具有突出的“古旧”特点，“古旧”特点指的是作品中的语言由于保留了古代汉语的词汇和语法形式而呈现出来的一种半文半白的特点。鲁迅散文中“古旧”特点的语言尤其具有代表性，这些语言表达不符合当下的汉语规范，会对学生的语言学习产生较大的负面影响，但“古旧”特点及其带来的问题在语文教学中一直被忽略。基于鲁迅散文在母语教育中的重要地位和学生的发展需要，本文以鲁迅散文语言的“古旧”特点为研究对象，致力于理清“古旧”特点的具体表现和探究适用于“古旧”特点的教学策略。本文先综合前人研究成果，从语言学理论上界定“古旧”特点的含义及分类，然后以选入统编版初中语文教科书中的三篇散文为样本，从词汇和语法两个方面分析鲁迅散文语言“古旧”特点的具体表现，为教学案例的开发和研究奠定基础。本文再以散文《从百草园到三味书屋》为例设计教学方案并进行教学实践，研发关于鲁迅散文语言“古旧”特点的教学案例。最后，在案例分析的基础上总结、归纳相对应的教学策略：有效地讲解语言的“古旧”特点，有效地补充词汇及语法知识，以“古旧”语言的解释与分类为重点，以现行的汉语语言规范为标准。前两个方面的教学策略属于讲授性策略，侧重于教师的“教”；后两个方面的教学策略属于发现性策略，侧重于学生的“学”。每个方面都有更加具体的要求，供教师在进行鲁迅散文语言“古旧”特点的教学时作为参考。

Lu Xun's many essays were selected into the overall edition of junior high school language textbooks, becoming a model for students to learn. However, Lu Xun's prose was created in the May Fourth period, and its language and writing are very different from the current Chinese norms. The modern Chinese in the May Fourth period belongs to the early modern Chinese, which has outstanding "gujiu" characteristics in the language of literary works, and the characteristics of "gujiu" refers to a half-literary and half-vernacular feature that the language in the works presents because it retains the vocabulary and grammar forms of ancient Chinese. Lu Xun's prose "gujiu" characteristics of the language is particularly representative, these language expression does not conform to the current Chinese norms, will have a greater negative impact on students' language learning, but the "gujiu" characteristics and the problems it brings in Chinese teaching has been ignored. Based on the important position of Lu Xun's prose in mother tongue education and the development needs of students, this paper takes the "gujiu" characteristics of Lu Xun's prose language as the research object, and is committed to clarifying the specific performance of "gujiu" characteristics and exploring the teaching strategies applicable to the characteristics of "gujiu". This paper first integrates the research results of the predecessors, defines the meaning and classification of the characteristics of "gujiu" from linguistic theory, and then analyzes the concrete performance of Lu Xun's prose language "gujiu" characteristics from the vocabulary and grammar aspects, and lays the foundation for the development and research of teaching cases. In this paper, the prose From the Garden to the Three-taste Book House as an example to design teaching programs and teaching practice, research and development of Lu Xun's prose language "gujiu" characteristics of the teaching case. Finally, on the basis of case analysis, summarize and summarize the corresponding teaching strategies: effectively explain the "gujiu" characteristics of language, effectively supplement vocabulary and grammar knowledge, focus on the interpretation and classification of "gujiu" language, and take the current Chinese language norms as the standard. The teaching strategy of the first two aspects belongs to the teaching strategy, focusing on the teacher's "teaching", while the teaching strategy of the last two aspects belongs to the discovery strategy, focusing on the students' "learning". Each aspect has more specific requirements for teachers to carry out Lu Xun's prose language "gujiu" characteristics of teaching as a reference.