微信群以其“一对多”的互动交流方式，成为一个实时且便捷的多人聊天平台，既可用于个人之间的关系互动，也常用于工作、学习和商务等正式场合的沟通，因此在人们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。尽管如此，微信群中活跃的用户仍属少数，大多数用户表现出相对沉默的状态，我们把这些用户称为“网络潜水者”。这些潜水用户虽不主动参与讨论，但其对信息的被动消费和潜在的参与意愿对社群的贡献都是不容忽视的，且潜水者并非一成不变，而是在合适的干预下可以转化为活跃者。因此本研究聚焦微信群用户的潜水行为，对真实微信群的用户行为特点进行了研究分析。经对群成员发言行为时间分布的细致研究，发现群成员的沉默行为具有不同的潜水模式。

本研究采用推拉理论作为理论框架，结合社会资本理论与角色压力理论，运用问卷调查的研究方法对影响微信群用户潜水行为的关键因素进行了深入分析。研究发现信息过载、隐私关注和角色压力是影响用户潜水行为的重要因素，这些因素可能加剧了用户的潜水行为。而社群氛围和用户关系则对用户潜水行为呈现负向影响，表明加强社群凝聚力和维护较好的用户关系可能减少用户的潜水行为。

本文的研究结果为理解微信群用户潜水行为提供了新的理论视角，并为设计更有效的社群管理和用户参与策略提供了一定的实证依据与参考建议。

WeChat groups, with its "one-to-many" interactive communication style,  serve as a real-time and convenient multi-person chat and communication platform, which can be used for personal relationship interactions as well as for formal communication in work, study, and business situations. Therefore, it plays an important role in people’s daily lives. However, only a minority of users are active in WeChat groups, while the majority remain a relatively silent state, .whom we term “online lurkers.” Although these lurkers do not actively participate in discussions, their passive consumption of information and the potential willingness to participate are contributions to the community that cannot be overlooked, and lurkers are not static, they have the potential to transform into active participants under appropriate intervention. Therefore, this study focuses on the lurking behavior of WeChat group users, conducting an in-depth analysis of the behavioral characteristics of users in real WeChat groups.A detailed examination of the temporal distribution of group members speaking behavior revealed different lurking patterns.

The study adopts the push-pull theory as the theoretical framework, combined with social capital theory and role stress theory, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the lurking behavior of WeChat group users through the research method of questionnaire surveys. In the study of factors influencing lurking behavior, it was discovered that information overload, privacy concerns, and role stress are important factors affecting users’ lurking behavior, which may exacerbate the tendency to lurk. The community atmosphere and user relationships, however, have a negative impact on lurking behavior, indicating that strengthening community cohesion and maintaining good user relationships may reduce lurking behavior.

The research results of this paper provide a new theoretical perspective for understanding the lurking behavior of WeChat group users, and offer empirical evidence and suggestions for designing more effective community management and user engagement strategies.