21 世纪以来中国长期保持低生育率，其影响在近年来愈发显著。自 2011 年中国劳动力年龄人口达到峰值后，十年来，中国劳动力年龄人口减少达 6000 万以上，劳动力规模下降、人口老龄化等问题逐渐受到社会关注。论文基于 第五次、第六次、第七次全国人口普查分县数据，利用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系 数、空间自相关等方法，分析了中国 15-59 岁劳动力人口空间分布格局演变 特征，并采用多元线性逐步回归，探究了影响中国劳动力时空演变的因素。 研究发现：中国劳动力人口仍然保持东南密集、西北稀疏的整体趋势， 但空 间聚集程度增强。劳动力人口不断向密度高值区域流动，四大经济圈对劳动 力保持强劲吸引力；中国劳动力时空演变区域差异明显，东西部分化趋势增 强。东北、华北、西北地区劳动力规模收缩区域面积明显扩大的同时规模收 缩程度增强，东南地区劳动力规模变化由扩张转变为收缩，劳动力规模扩张 区明显向西北方向缩减；劳动力人口分布几乎不再受到自然环境条件限制， 区域社会服务能力与经济发展水平的正向吸引作用更加明显。在“抢人大战” 愈加激烈的当下，各地促进合理布局、提升经济活力、增强社会服务能力对吸引优质人才集聚有重要意义。

The effects of China's chronically low fertility rate since the beginning of the 21st century have become more pronounced in recent years. Since the peak of China's working-age population in 2011, China's working-age population has decreased by more than 60 million in the past ten years. Problems such as the decline in the size of the labor force and population aging have gradually attracted social attention. Based on the data of the fifth, sixth and seventh national population censuses by county, using Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation and other methods, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of the spatial distribution pattern of the labor force aged 15-59 in China, and explores the factors affecting the temporal and spatial evolution of the labor force in China by using multiple linear stepwise regression. The results show that the labor force population in China still maintains the overall trend of dense in the southeast and sparse in the northwest, but the degree of spatial aggregation is enhanced. The labor force population keeps flowing to the regions with high density, and the four economic circles maintain strong attraction to the labor force. The spatial and temporal evolution of China's labor force shows obvious regional

differences, and the trend of differentiation between east and west is strengthened.

The shrinking area of the labor force size in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China obviously expands, while the shrinking degree of the labor force size increases. The change of the labor force size in southeast China changes from expansion to contraction, and the expanding area of the labor force size decreases significantly in the northwest direction. The distribution of labor force and population is almost no longer limited by natural environmental conditions, and the positive attraction effect between regional social service ability and economic development level is more obvious. At present, when the "recruitment war" is increasingly fierce, it is of great significance for all regions to promote rational distribution, enhance economic vitality and enhance social service ability to attract high-quality talents.