本文以中国铁路行业发展史上特殊的机车——丰台机务段“毛泽东号”机车作为特殊的个案，使用“毛泽东号”相关新闻报道作为分析文本，同时使用丰台机务段“毛泽东号”相关档案资料和田野调查资料作为内外资料对话基础，从民俗文化学、社会学等视角深入探讨“毛泽东号”的制度和文化机制的变迁。

本文将“毛泽东号”机车发展划分为四个时期，通过多种资料分析和对话来探讨其不同时期的制度转型和文化机制。第一章讨论“毛泽东号”奠定期的发展，其在解放战争时期以领袖名字命名，运行发展中建立了包车负责制、循环运转制、新行车制等制度。这些制度实现了战争时期提高运输能力的效率目标和工人阶级当家作主的价值追求。奠基期的“毛泽东号”运行速度和效率依赖班组成员的个人技术能力，班组通过加强内部团结和集体学习的方式实现个人技术的推广。第二章研究社会主义革命和建设时期“毛泽东号”的发展，一方面依靠劳动者为主体推动技术创新，另一方面通过机车设备的更新实现技术革新。这一时期还发展出以岗位责任制为核心的安全责任制度和以经济核算制为核心的节约制度，安全节约制度的成型有助于“毛泽东号”效率目标的实现。集体主义时期班组建设的传统得到延续，班组内部师徒制度实现了技术的延续和内部的团结。第三章聚焦特殊时期的“毛泽东号”，以标准化作业为核心的安全行车制度保证了“毛泽东号”的效率目标。在机车技术设备更新相对停滞的情况下，拥有高超操纵技艺的个体劳动力的价值更为凸显。特殊时期的班组建设向着制度化方向发展，并十分强调集体主义下的民主公开。第四章聚焦转型期的“毛泽东号”。在市场化改革背景下，“毛泽东号”机车经历了机车动力上由蒸汽到内燃再到电力的转型，行车制度也由包车负责制又回到轮乘制，而且实现了由货运机车到客运机车的转型。这个时期技术革新通过更换大型现代机械化设备实现，同时也依靠班组集体的技术科研创新攻关。班组内部提倡合作创新，用现代化科学化的班组管理方式提高个体技术水平，班组建设中更为尊重个体价值，关注个体利益。最后部分对全文进行总结并讨论，从制度转型、技术转型和组织转型三方面总结了“毛泽东号”七十余年发展中的制度和文化机制的现代转型。

This article takes the special locomotive in the history of the development of China 's railway industry-the Fengtai Locomotive Depot 's ' Mao Zedong ' locomotive as a special case, uses the ' Mao Zedong ' related news reports as the analysis text, and uses the Fengtai Locomotive Depot 's ' Mao Zedong ' related archives and field survey data as the basis for internal and external data dialogue. From the perspectives of folklore culture and sociology, the changes of the system and cultural mechanism of ' Mao Zedong ' are discussed in depth.

In the first chapter, this paper examines the ' Mao Zedong ' in the foundation period. It was born in the war of liberation and named after the leader, and established the system of charter responsibility, circular operation, new driving system and so on. These systems achieved the efficiency goal of improving transportation capacity during the war and the value pursuit of the working class as masters. The ' Mao Zedong ' in the foundation period mainly relied on personal technology, and the team promoted personal technology by strengthening internal unity and collective learning. The second chapter examines the ' Mao Zedong ' in the development period. In the period of socialist revolution and construction, on the one hand, it relies on laborers to promote technological innovation, on the other hand, it realizes technological innovation through the renewal of locomotive equipment. During this period, the safety responsibility system with the post responsibility system as the core and the saving system with the economic accounting system as the core were also developed. The formation of the safety saving system was conducive to the realization of the efficiency goal of ' Mao Zedong '. The tradition of team building in the period of collectivism  has been continued, and the formation technology of the mentoring system within the team has continued and internal unity.The third chapter focuses on the special period of ' Mao Zedong '. The safe driving system with standardized operation as the core ensures the efficiency goal of ' Mao Zedong '. In the case of the stagnation of locomotive technical equipment renewal, the value of individual labor force with superb handling skills is more prominent. The team building in the special period developed in the direction of institutionalization, and emphasized the democratic openness under collectivism. The fourth chapter focuses on the ' Mao Zedong ' in the transition period. Under the background of market-oriented reform. The ' Mao Zedong ' locomotive has experienced the transformation of locomotive power from steam to internal combustion and then to electricity, the transformation of the driving system from the chartered responsibility system to the rotation system, and the transformation from freight locomotive to passenger locomotive. On the one hand, the technological innovation in this period was realized by replacing large-scale modern mechanized equipment, and on the other hand, it was achieved by relying on the technical research innovation of the team. Cooperative innovation is advocated within the team, and the level of individual technology is improved by modern and scientific team management. In the team construction, individual values are more respected and individual interests are concerned. The fifth chapter summarizes and discusses the full text, and summarizes the modern transformation of the institutional and cultural mechanisms in the development of ' Mao Zedong ' for more than 70 years from three aspects : institutional transformation, technological transformation and organizational transformation.