| 中文题名： | 从“专制帝国”到“自由帝国” ——基于法兰西第二帝国历史分期论争的考察 |
| 姓名： | |
| 保密级别： | 公开 |
| 论文语种： | 中文 |
| 学科代码： | 060101 |
| 学科专业： | |
| 学生类型： | 学士 |
| 学位： | 历史学学士 |
| 学位年度： | 2021 |
| 学校： | 北京师范大学 |
| 校区： | |
| 学院： | |
| 第一导师姓名： | |
| 第一导师单位： | |
| 提交日期： | 2021-06-01 |
| 答辩日期： | 2021-06-01 |
| 外文题名： | From “Autocratic Empire” to “Liberal Empire”: On the Basis of the Debate on the Historical Stages of the Second French Empire |
| 中文关键词： | |
| 外文关键词： | the Second French Empire ; Napoleon III ; Liberal Empire ; Autocratic Empire ; Periodization of history. |
| 中文摘要： |
法兰西第二帝国一共延续近18年，其政治体制并非一成不变，而是存在着若干原则性的变化，大体上可分为“专制帝国”和“自由帝国”阶段。两个阶段的划分已为大部分学者所承认，但是在“自由帝国”的起点上，出现了分别以1858年《治安法》、1859年政治大赦、1860年增加议会权力的皇帝政令、和1869年奥利维埃组阁作为起点的阶段划分；部分学者补充帝国在1859年政治大赦至1868年新闻和集会自由的法律的颁布仍处于逡巡不前的“迟疑”状态；亦有学者对两个阶段的划分提出了异议。这一历史分期观点的歧异，引发了学界的广泛关注和讨论。第二帝国的历史分期变成了仅以各个重大历史事件为节点的“形式化”了阶段划分，是由以下三个因素构成的：其一，“自由帝国”这一概念的复杂性与改革过程的反复性；其二，史家对奥尔西尼事件、政治大赦和卢埃尔等人的下台等重大历史事件的分析路径；其三，史家彼时的问题意识共和主义的政治立场。回顾“自由帝国”的渊源与发展路径，帝国在从“专制”向“自由”过渡时，于1859年政治大赦前经历了一年的“徘徊时期”，直至1869年议会制的确立，“自由帝国”这一概念才真正成型。“自由帝国”具有巨大的潜力，但其尚未成熟的议会制并不能有效地应对外部的威胁与内部的革命，这使得“自由帝国”的成就很快就被战败的屈辱掩盖。 |
| 外文摘要： |
In the 18 years, the political system of the Second French Empire was not unchanged, but had some fundamental changes, which could be divided into “Autocratic Empire” and “Liberal Empire”. The Periodization of the two stages has been recognized by most scholars, but in the starting point of the “Liberal Empire”, there appeared the “Law of General Security” in 1858, the political amnesty in 1859, the emperor's decree in 1860 to increase the power of parliament, and émile Ollivier 's cabinet in 1869 as the starting point of “Liberal Empire”; Some scholars add that the Empire was still “hesitant” between the political amnesty of 1859 and the enactment of laws on freedom of press and assembly in 1868; Some scholars deny the division of the two stages. The different views of this periodization of history have aroused wide attention and discussion in academic circles. Historians' current problem consciousness and political stand, their analysis of the Orsini affair, political amnesty and the fall from power of Eugène Rouher and other important events, and the ambiguity and complexity of the concept of “Liberal Empire” make the historical stages of the Second Empire quite “formalized” and lose the significance of the periodization of history. During the transition from “Autocratic” to “Liberal”, the Empire experienced a year of “wandering period” before the political amnesty in 1859. It was not until the establishment of the parliamentary system in 1869 that the concept of “Liberal Empire” really took shape. “Liberal Empire” had great potential, but its immature parliamentary system could not effectively deal with external threats and internal revolutions, so the achievements of “Liberal Empire” were soon overshadowed by the humiliation of defeat.
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| 参考文献总数： | 40 |
| 作者简介： | 李传奇，北京师范大学历史学2017级本科生 |
| 插图总数： | 0 |
| 插表总数： | 0 |
| 馆藏号： | 本060101/21077 |
| 开放日期： | 2022-06-01 |
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