共和主义是一种历史悠久，影响深远的政治理论。当今学界自由主义理论的盛行，对公民的政治冷漠和消极参与等一系列问题的产生不能说没有责任。众多政治理论家对此进行反思，促进了当代新共和主义的复兴。本文认为，新共和主义对自由主义有诸多胜出之处。本文第一章认为，在自由观上，新共和主义倡导积极自由，即通过参与政治事务来保护自己的消极自由不受侵害；在民主观上，新共和主义主张用参与民主和协商民主的方法来补充和解决代议制民主的制度漏洞；在公民身份理论上，新共和主义呼唤积极的公民身份，鼓励公民维护公共善和积极承担公民责任。公民身份和公民德性是密切不可分的。有什么样的公民身份理论，必然会提出相应的公民德性。在新共和主义的公民身份理论下，本文在第二章介绍了三条有代表性的新共和主义的公民德性：宪法爱国主义、协商的意愿和能力以及积极参与公共事务。宪法爱国主义是保持社会民主宪政秩序的重要动力；协商能力是公民在过现代民主政治生活中必不可少的基本辨识和活动能力；积极参与公共事务的意愿更是共和主义美德的基础。参考以上提到的三种新共和主义公民美德，本文在最后一章分析了如何在学校公民教育中培养这些德性。本文认为，无论借鉴何种政治理论，一种清醒、成熟以及平衡的权利观念必须放在学校公民教育的重心和首位——即，既要积极争取公民的积极自由，又不可僭越他人的消极自由。其次，在培养理性的爱国主义方面，针对中国缺乏公民传统的现实，本文主张应培养公民的权利意识和对正义、平等、法治以及宪政等现代公民价值的尊崇和热爱。第三，在如何培养学生的协商能力中，笔者认为应该把培养目标细分为培养推理和理性批判能力、培养宽容和移情能力以及保持开放的心态。最后，在谈到如何培养学生参与公共事务的意愿中，本文认为借鉴国外发展已较成熟的服务学习形式，应从学校和社区的志愿服务和基层民主开展起。

Republicanism is a far-reaching political theory with a long history. The popularity of liberal theory in academics is attributable to passive participation in politics of citizens and a range of relevant issues. Many political theorists rethink about this and promote revival of neo-republicanism theory. This paper argues that neo-republicanism is superior over liberalism theory. In the first chapter, for the concept of freedom, neo-republicanism argues for a positive freedom, that is, to protect their negative freedom from infringement through participation in political affairs. With regard to the concept of democracy, the new republican ideas emphasize a participatory and negotiation democracy, in order to complement and address drawbacks in the system of representative democracy. For citizenship theory, the new republican calls for active citizenship to encourage citizens to safeguard the public good and a positive commitment to civic responsibility. Citizenship and civic virtue are closely inseparable. Citizenship theory would necessarily lead to corresponding civic virtues. Based on the new theory of citizenship of neo-republicanism, the paper highlights three representative of the new republican civic virtue: constitutional patriotism, willingness and ability to negotiate and active participation in public affairs. Constitutional patriotism is an important force to maintain the social democratic constitutional order. Negotiation capability is the basic quality and essential activity of citizens in modern democratic political life. The willingness to participate in public affairs is the basis of Neo-republicanism virtue. In term of three new republican civic virtues mentioned above, the paper answers the question of how to execute civic education in schools to foster these virtues in the last chapter. This paper argues that, no matter what the political theory is, a sober, mature and well-balanced concept of right must be placed in the center of civic education in schools, that is, we should actively advocate for positive freedom of citizens, and should not jeopardize other people's negative liberty. Secondly, with regard to developing a rational patriotism, the paper calls for awareness for civic rights and justice, equality, rule of law and constitutional values, such as the respect of modern citizens and love , which is because of the reality of China's lack of civic tradition. Thirdly, for the training the ability to negotiate, I believe that it should contain fostering the capacity of reasoning and rational criticism, tolerance and empathy, and being open-minded. Finally, as for the issue of how to promote students to participate in public affairs, the paper argues that, based on mature experiences from abroad voluntary service in schools and communities and the grass-roots , democracy should be encouraged.