随着“健康中国”上升为国家战略，大健康产业进入高速发展期，健康信息行为受到越来越多的研究关注，探讨社会公众的健康信息需求、健康信息获取意识、行为、能力及效果等，以促进健康信息的有效传播。然而，网络健康信息质量层次不齐，混杂着许多不实的虚假、歪曲的健康信息，同时，对于相同的健康问题，来自不同方面的观点也比较多元，用户在获取过程中可能产生不确定性或感到质疑、困惑，这一情况下用户会如何进行信息的求证，这关系到用户健康信息观点的形成以及生活中的实际行动。因此，探讨网络健康信息的用户求证搜寻行为，对于提升人们的健康信息素养、促进人们的健康水平具有积极的意义。

本研究调研了国内外相关研究现状，结合信息选择与评价、信息搜寻行为、信息搜寻动机等理论，采用实验研究的方法，随机招募了40名大学生，对保健、医疗相关的4个健康陈述进行判断和求证。求证前收集了用户对健康陈述的态度、健康信息素养、健康状况等数据，求证后收集了对健康陈述的后测态度、任务难度感知，以及检索体验等数据，4个任务完成后测量了健康信息鉴别的方法。利用Morea工具记录了求证搜寻的全过程。对收集到的160次求证搜寻过程视频进行编码，结合描述性统计、方差分析等统计方法，揭示求证搜寻过程的行为特征、用户体验及其影响因素。

本研究的主要发现包括：（1）在求证搜寻的信息源使用方面，搜索引擎、社会化问答社区使用频次最高。用户具有一定的信息源选择和判断意识，但是对于获取的内容较少进一步溯源检索。（2）在求证提问式构造和调整方面，从构造类型上看，以疑问式和陈述式为主；从提问词来源来看，大部分直接使用任务描述的观点或论据；在提问调整上，综合运用缩检、扩检、重复、平移等多种方式，从病理、症状、治疗等角度进行调整。（3）在健康信息鉴别方面，平均使用18个标准进行判断。选择我能理解的信息、对不同来源的信息进行对比、查看信息发布的来源是使用程度最高的三个标准。（4）求证体验方面，用户对于搜寻结果的相关性度、有用性、信心程都较好，总体均值都在3.5分以上。（5）求证结果上，用户求证后形成的结论会覆盖积极、消极两方面，更多直接陈述观点和论据，提供参考文献支撑论据的意识有限。（6）从影响因素来看，求证搜寻行为在不同性别、健康状况、电子健康素养、年级、先验态度下差异显著。同时，在不同任务主题和难度下也呈现出显著差异。最后，从信息素养教育、信息平台功能优化、政府监管三方面提出了对策和建议。

With the rise of "Healthy China" as a national strategy, the big health industry has entered a period of rapid development, and health information behavior has also received increasing research attention. Exploring the public's health information needs, awareness, behavior, ability, and effectiveness of health information acquisition, in order to promote the effective dissemination of health information. However, the quality level of online health information is uneven, mixed with many false and distorted health information. At the same time, for the same health problem, opinions from different aspects are also quite diverse. Users may experience uncertainty or doubt or confusion in the process of obtaining information. In this case, how users will verify information is related to the formation of their views on health information and their practical actions in life. Therefore, exploring the user verification and search behavior of online health information has positive significance for improving people's health information literacy and promoting their health level.

The study investigated the current research status at home and abroad, combined with selectivity theory, ISP model, etc., and used experimental research methods to randomly recruit 40 college students to judge and verify four health statements related to healthcare and medical care. Before verification, data on user attitudes towards health statements, health information literacy, and health status were collected. After verification, data on post test attitudes towards health statements, perceived task difficulty, and retrieval experience were collected. After completing four tasks, methods for identifying health information were measured. The entire process of verification search was recorded using the Morea tool. Encode 160 collected videos of the verification search process, and use descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and other statistical methods to reveal the behavioral characteristics, user experience, and influencing factors of the verification search process.

The main findings of this study include: (1) In terms of the use of information sources for verification search, search engines and social Q&A communities have the highest frequency of use. Users have a certain awareness of information source selection and judgment, but they have limited ability to further trace and retrieve the obtained content. (2) In terms of the construction and adjustment of questioning style, from the perspective of construction types, questioning style and declarative style are mainly used; From the source of the questioning words, most of them directly use the viewpoints or arguments described in the task; In terms of adjusting questioning, multiple methods such as scaling, expansion, repetition, and translation are comprehensively used to adjust from the perspectives of pathology, symptoms, and treatment. (3) In terms of health information identification, an average of 18 criteria are used for judgment. Among the 28 criteria given, selecting information that I can understand, comparing information from different sources, and viewing the sources of information published are the three criteria with the highest usage rating. (4) In terms of verification experience, users have good relevance, usefulness, and confidence in search results, with an overall average score of 3.5 or above. (5) In terms of verification results, the conclusions formed by users after verification will cover both positive and negative aspects, with more direct statements of viewpoints and arguments, and limited awareness of providing reference materials to support arguments. (6) From the perspective of influencing factors, there are significant differences in search behavior among different genders, health status, electronic health literacy, grades, and prior attitudes. Meanwhile, significant differences were also observed in different task themes and difficulty levels. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from three aspects: information literacy education, optimization of information platform functions, and government regulation.