小说的结尾问题，是小说写作者不可避免要面对的一个重要技术问题。任何小说在书面形式上，都必然存在一个开头和结尾。当写作者写出小说的最后一个标点，书面形式上的结尾也就诞生了，不论它是否完成了收束叙事的目的，文本都已经被完成了。小说结尾的重要性不言而喻，对小说结尾问题进行研究，也具有相当重大的意义。

在古典社会的传统小说叙事中，小说结尾往往是“大团圆”式的：善战胜恶，美战胜丑，有情人终成眷属。这种团圆式结尾的产生和人类早期的世界观、价值观和心理状态有关，从结构上来看，是一个完美闭合的圆形，体现了人对诸事都有圆满结局的追求。随着时代社会的发展，人对世界的认识不断复杂和深化，现代人与现代社会之间的矛盾冲突愈发明显，其精神危机也愈发严峻，小说的“反团圆”结尾应运而生，传统的团圆叙事为作者和读者所共同颠覆和摒弃。本文试图通过对现代小说的“反团圆”结尾进行探究，来窥见现代小说及其结尾与现代人、现代社会之间的复杂关联，通过对小说结尾形式史的梳理，来抵达并讨论现代人的精神问题。

本文除绪论及结语外共分为三个部分，分别从“反团圆”结尾的诞生、“反团圆”结尾的分类以及“反团圆”结尾的意义及局限三个方面，来对现代小说的“反团圆”结尾进行探究：

第一部分首先是对小说的“团圆”结尾进行探究，对其成因、形式、内涵及其美学意义做简单的归纳总结，在此基础上对团圆结尾到反团圆结尾的转向过程进行探究，分析“反团圆”结尾的诞生原因以及具体表现形式。

第二部分是从分类学和形态学的角度对“反团圆”结尾进行探究，以小说文本在形式上终结时的人物结局为基本分类标准，将反团圆结尾划分成悲剧式结尾与“无结局”式结尾两大类，并进一步进行细分，探究不同类型的结尾叙事在具体社会和时代情境中的产生原因及其意义与内涵。

第三部分的主要内容有二，一是言明“反团圆”结尾作为一种现代化的叙事手段，其美学意义何在：一方面，反团圆结尾是对传统团圆结尾的一种反拨，它抵制团圆叙事中虚假的圆满和浪漫，揭露社会现实，直面现代人的生存困境；另一方面，对反团圆结尾的选择体现了写作者本人的态度和立场，写作者通过对团圆结尾进行反抗，夺回了叙事的控制权。二是反思反团圆结尾在当下小说写作实践中存在的问题，探讨应该如何有效呈现反团圆结尾的叙事功能。

本文旨在以团圆与否作为小说结尾模式分类的一个总标准，为小说的结尾方式总结出相对清晰的分类，梳理出小说结尾在漫长历史时期中的变化方式和轨迹，并探究其背后所隐含的影响因素和美学价值，以期填补相关研究的空白，并对写作者在如何处理小说结尾的问题上起到一定的启发作用。

The end of the novel is an important technical problem that all writers of the novels inevitably face. Any novel， in its external form， must have a beginning and an end. When the writer writes the final punctuation of the novel， the formal ending of the novel is born. Whether it completes the purpose of ending narrative or not， it has been completed in the meaning level of the written text. The importance of the ending of the novel is so self-evident that it is of great significance to study the ending of the novel.

In the traditional narrative of the novels in the classical society， the ending of the novels are usually "happy reunion" : good conquers evil， beauty conquers ugliness， and lovers get married. The generation of such a reunion ending is related to the world outlook， values and psychological state of early human beings. Structurally speaking， it is a perfectly closed circle， which reflects people's pursuit of a happy ending for everything. However， with the development of The times and society， people's understanding of the world has become more and more complex， the contradictions and conflicts between modern people and modern society has become more and more obvious， and the spiritual crisis of modern people has become more and more serious. Therefore， the "anti-reunion ending" of the novels has emerged， and the traditional reunion narrative is subverted and abandoned by both the authors and the readers. This paper attempts to explore the "anti-reunion" endings of modern novels， to see the complex and inseparable relationship between modern novels and their endings， modern people， and modern society， and to discuss the spiritual problems of modern people by combing the form history of novel endings.

In addition to the introduction and the conclusion， the paper is divided into three parts， and explores the anti-reunion ending of modern novels from three aspects: the birth， the classification， and the significances and limitations of the anti-reunion endings.

The first part explores the "reunion" ending of the novels， and makes a simple summary of its causes， forms， connotations， and aesthetic significance， in order to build a foundation for the study of the "anti-reunion" ending. On this basis， the paper studies the transformation process from the reunion ending to the anti-reunion ending， and analyzes the reasons for the birth of the "anti-reunion" ending and its specific forms of expression.

The second part explores the "anti-reunion" ending from the taxonomic and morphological perspectives. Taking the characters' endings at the end of the novel as the classification standard， the anti-reunion endings are divided into two categories: the tragic endings and the "no-ending" endings. The paper will further classify them， and explore the causes and meanings of different types of endings in specific social and era situations.

The third part has two main contents. One is to explain the aesthetic significance of the "anti-reunion" ending as a modern narrative means: On the one hand， it is a kind of revolt against the traditional reunion ending， which rejects the false completeness and romance in the reunion narrative， exposes the social reality and confronts the survival dilemma of modern people. On the other hand， the choice of it reflects the author's attitude and position. The author reclaims the control of the narrative by resisting the reunion ending. The second is to reflect on the problems existing in the current practice of novel writing and discuss how to present the narrative function of anti-reunion ending more effectively.

The purpose of this paper is to take whether the novel has a reunion ending or not as a general standard for the classification of novel endings， summarize a relatively clear classification of novel endings， sort out the changing patterns and tracks of novel ending in a long historical period， and explore its hidden influence factors and aesthetic values， in order to fill in the blank of relevant research， and play a certain enlightening role for writers on how to deal with the problem of novel endings.