花粉过敏是一种易受外界环境因素影响的健康问题，严重危害公众的身心健康。目前环境健康风险领域对花粉致敏事件关注较少，也没有针对花粉致敏风险感知的影响因素及其适应性行为开展的相关调查研究报道。本文基于环境健康风险理论、方法，在综合考虑人群时空行为、花粉季节性、花粉与气候因素关系、不同暴露程度等差异性基础上，尝试提出一套包括风险源危险性、风险受体脆弱性、风险管控恢复力等表征指标的花粉致敏健康风险评估方法。运用多种统计方法探索了不同地区人群风险感知水平、信息沟通能力、知识掌握水平及消极情感强度，分析了花粉过敏的风险感知差异以及各因素之间的相关关系，探讨了公众对花粉过敏的适应性行为选择，并分析其原因。以北京市六城区为例将花粉致敏风险评估和公众风险感知结果进行了对比分析，得到如下主要结论：

（1）北京市六区致敏花粉的播散具有典型季节性和地域性特征。花粉浓度在4-5月、8-9月为高峰值，城市功能拓展区的花粉总量与强度明显高于城市发展新区。

（2）北京市六区气象因素对花粉播散有着显著影响，除丰台区，4-5月温度处在12.5~25.5℃、湿度处在25%~50%、风速处在1.5~2.5m‧s^-1、气压处于1010~1020hpa；8-9月温度处在12.5~25.5℃、湿度处在70%~80%、风速处在1.25~2m‧s^-1、气压处于1000~1010hpa，花粉浓度较高。

（3）北京市六区春秋季花粉致敏风险在空间上呈现分布不均衡。从年龄组成来看，儿童花粉致敏风险较高的地带集中在石景山、昌平、朝阳3区，青壮年花粉致敏风险较高的地带集中在石景山、顺义2区，老年花粉致敏风险较高的地带集中在石景山、顺义、昌平3区。

（4）公众风险感知问卷调查结果显示，北京地区的公众对花粉过敏的风险感知水平总体偏高，而对花粉过敏的信息沟通水平、知识水平、消极情绪强度总体偏低。此外女性、年龄在31-45岁、文化程度高、居住中心城区、不吸烟、有过敏家族史、有过敏经历等特征人群，对花粉过敏的风险感知水平相对较高。公众风险感知水平与风险信息沟通能力、风险知识掌握水平呈正相关，与风险情绪及适应性行为呈负相关。

（5）公众风险感知水平与综合风险评价结果大体一致，昌平地区由于人均可支配收入、医疗保险人数相对较低，加之当地0-64岁人口比例较高，导致花粉致敏综合风险水平偏高。结果进一步验证了评价指标的准确性和合理性。

本研究尝试性提出一种花粉过敏评估的方法，对环境和人为因素对花粉过敏的影响进行了分析，结论有助于加强对城市花粉致敏风险感知的认识，为致敏花粉引起环境健康问题的有效防治提供科学参考。

Pollen allergy is a health problem that is easily affected by external environmental factors, which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of the public. At present, there is little attention to pollen sensitization events in the field of environmental health risks, and there are no relevant investigation and research reports on the influencing factors of pollen sensitization risk perception and their adaptive behaviors.Based on the theories and methods of environmental health risks, considering human's differences spatial behaviors, seasonal differences of pollen, the relationship between pollen and climate factors, and the differences in exposure degree, this paper proposes the characterization indicators of the hazard of risk source, vulnerability of risk receptors, and resilience of risk management, and to construct a new health risk assessment method for pollen allergy. Multiple statistical methods were used to explore the risk perception level, information communication ability, knowledge mastery level and negative emotion intensity in different regions, analyze the differences in risk perception of pollen allergy and the correlation between factors, and discussed the adaptive behavior choice of the public to pollen allergy and its causes. Taking six districts of Beijing as an example, the results of pollen allergy risk assessment and public risk perception were compared and analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows:

（1）The distribution of allergy pollen has typical seasonal and regional characteristics in six districts of Beijing. Pollen concentration peaked from April to May and from August to September, and the total amount and intensity of pollen in urban functional development areas were significantly higher than those in urban development areas.

（2） Meteorological factors have a significant impact on pollen dissemination in six districts of Beijing, except for Fengtai District, the temperature is 12.5~25.5°C,the humidity is 25%~50%, the wind speed is 1.5~2.5m‧s^-1, and the air pressure is 1010~1020hpa; From August to September, the temperature is 12.5~25.5°C, the humidity is 70%~80%, the wind speed is 1.25~2m‧s^-1, the air pressure is 1000~1010hpa, the pollen concentration is high.

（3）Pollen allergy risk in spring and autumn in six districts of Beijing showed uneven distribution in space; From the perspective of age composition, the areas with high risk of pollen sensitization in children are concentrated in Shijingshan, Changping and Chaoyang districts, the areas with high risk of pollen sensitization in young adults are concentrated in Shijingshan and Shunyi district, and the areas with high risk of pollen sensitization in old people are concentrated in Shijingshan, Shunyi and Changping district.

（4）The results of the public risk perception questionnaire showed that the level of public's perception of pollen allergy risk in Beijing was generally high, the public's communication level of pollen allergy information, knowledge level and the intensity of negative emotions were generally low. In addition, women, aged 31-45 years old, high level of education, living in urban centers, non-smoking, family history of allergy, and allergy experience had a relatively high-risk perception of pollen allergy. The level of public risk perception is positively correlated with risk information communication and risk knowledge, but negatively correlated with risk emotion and adaptive behavior.

（5）The level of public risk perception is generally consistent with the comprehensive risk assessment results. Due to the relatively low per capita disposable income and the relatively low number of people with medical insurance and the high proportion of local population aged 0-64, the comprehensive risk level of pollen-sensitization in Changping is high. The comparison results further verify the accuracy and rationality of the evaluation index.

This study tentatively proposed a method for pollen allergy assessment, analyzed the impact of environmental and human factors on pollen allergy, and the conclusions were helpful to strengthen understanding of urban pollen sensitization risk perception, which provide scientific reference for the effective prevention and treatment of environmental health problems caused by allergenic pollen.