本研究聚焦于中国民营银行政府监管中存在的问题及治理优化的对策，选取北京Z银行作为案例，深入剖析了民营银行在政府监管中遭遇的挑战、问题成因以及可能的解决策略。研究首先回顾了民营银行的发展历程、现状和监管体系，随后通过Z银行的具体案例，探讨了民营银行在准入和运营过程中面临的监管难题，进一步分析了这些问题背后的深层次原因，并在此基础上提出了针对性的治理建议。

研究指出，民营银行作为中国金融体系的重要组成部分，其发展对于促进金融创新、支持实体经济具有显著意义。然而，民营银行在成长过程中遭遇了多重监管挑战，这些挑战不仅限制了其业务拓展，也影响了其服务实体经济的能力。以Z银行为例，研究揭示了民营银行在准入方面的“一行一店”限制，以及运营中的现金业务要求，这些监管要求增加了民营银行的运营成本，限制了其业务创新和市场竞争力。

研究进一步探讨了监管问题的成因，认为监管失灵是核心问题。监管制度的缺陷、监管延迟以及监管能力不足导致了监管政策与民营银行发展需求之间的不匹配。监管制度的路径依赖和“一刀切”做法忽视了民营银行的特殊性，而监管延迟则未能及时响应民营银行发展中的新情况和新问题。此外，监管能力的不足表现在缺乏有效的监管工具和专业的监管人员，导致监管部门在民营银行的监管中的策略不平衡。

基于监管治理理论的拓展，研究提出了改进民营银行政府监管的策略。包括建议在国家层面成立专门的民营银行监管部门，以明确民营银行的发展目标，并根据其特点制定更为精准和有效的监管政策；建议地方金融监管部门落实属地管理责任，通过放权和设立正负面清单等方式，实现对民营银行的有效监管和引导，并调整民营银行的准入与运营监管尺度，根据民营银行的发展阶段和风险特点进行动态调整，以促进民营银行的健康发展。通过改革民营银行政府监管的组织体系和调整监管策略，可以解决民营银行当前面临的监管相关的问题，进而推动民营银行更好地服务于实体经济和民营经济，支持中小微企业发展和创新创业，为中国经济的高质量发展做出更大贡献。

本研究的创新之处在于提供了一个在民营银行监管研究领域中的被监管方的视角，丰富了现有银行监管治理理论的框架，提出了公平性和针对性两个新的监管治理维度。研究通过深入的关于Z银行的案例分析，揭示了民营银行监管中的具体问题和挑战，为理解和改进中国民营银行的政府监管提供了新的视角和解决方案。

This study focuses on the challenges and countermeasures in the government regulation of private banks in China, using Beijing Z Bank as a case study to delve into the challenges faced by private banks under government regulation, the causes of these challenges, and potential solutions. The research begins with a review of the development, current status, and regulatory system of private banks. It then discusses the regulatory dilemmas encountered by private banks during the process of entry and operation through the specific case of Z Bank. The study further analyzes the underlying causes of these challenges and, based on this analysis, proposes targeted governance recommendations.

The research indicates that private banks, as an integral part of China's financial system, play a significant role in promoting financial innovation and supporting the real economy. However, private banks have encountered multiple regulatory challenges during their growth process. These challenges not only restrict their business expansion but also affect their ability to serve the real economy. Taking Z Bank as an example, the study reveals the "one bank, one store" restriction on access for private banks, as well as the cash business requirements in their operations. These regulatory demands have increased the operational costs for private banks and limited their business innovation and market competitiveness.

The study further explores the causes of the challenges in regulatory, considering regulatory failure as the core problem. Deficiencies in the regulatory system, regulatory delays, and insufficient regulatory capacity have led to a mismatch between regulatory policies and the development needs of private banks. The path dependence of the regulatory system and the "one-size-fits-all" approach have overlooked the uniqueness of private banks, while regulatory delays have failed to respond in a timely manner to new situations arising in the development of private banks. Moreover, the insufficiency in regulatory capacity is manifested in the lack of effective regulatory tools and professional regulatory personnel, leading to an imbalanced strategy in the supervision of private banks by regulatory authorities.

The study proposes strategies to improve government supervision of private banks, based on the expansion of regulatory governance theory. These include recommendations to establish a dedicated regulatory authority for private banks in national-level government agencies to clarify the development objectives of private banks and to formulate more precise and effective regulatory policies based on their characteristics. It is also suggested that local financial regulatory authorities should implement territorial management responsibilities, achieve effective supervision and guidance of private banks through measures such as decentralization and the establishment of positive and negative lists. Additionally, the study calls for adjusting the access and operational regulatory standards for private banks, making dynamic adjustments based on the development stage and risk characteristics of private banks, in order to promote the healthy development of private banks.