科学教育直接影响每位公民科学素养的形成和提高，而小学科学课程对小学生科学素养的形成和提高也具有重要作用。为了使小学生能在更广阔的科学课程背景下学习，校内科学教学不能再仅仅局限于教材，必须开发更加形式多样、内容丰富的课程资源。对小学生科学素养进行研究并开发适合小学生的科学校本课程，是全面研究和提升小学生科学素养的必然需求。 本研究旨在依据科学素养的概念以及校本课程开发的相关理论，探讨提高小学生科学素养的校本课程实践策略，检验课程实施的成效。 在教育部2017年发布《小学科学课程标准》中，提高每一位小学生的科学素养成为了科学课程实施中的核心内容。小学生科学素养水平的提升主要是借助国家规定的科学课程的形式实施。本研究以小学生科学素养为切入点，从理论层面上采用问卷调查法分析小学生科学素养的现状和存在问题比较突出的维度，采用访谈法对专职及兼职科学教师进行访谈，结合文献法，深入挖掘小学生科学素养现状及其影响因素，梳理小学生科学素养与科学校本课程之间的联系，从实践层面上采用教育实验法探索利用学校校本课程促进小学生科学素养水平提升的途径及实际效果。 本研究是以最新版小学科学课程目标作为小学科学校本课程开发的目标，旨在促进学生在各个方面发展和提升。本研究在兰州市三所小学开展，通过对学生的调查和校内教学环境的调查，利用校内优势资源--植物园，开发“让我来做小小科学家”校本课程，并在三所小学分别进行实施，最后进行科学地评价。课程实施结束后，通过对学生学习效果用SPSS进行T检验，结果显示，通过本课程的学习学生在科学知识、科学探究能力两个方面的能力都有一定程度的提高，而在科学态度方面变化不明显，总体来说，学生的科学素养水平有一定程度的提升，说明本课程实施的有效性高，达到了课程的目标。课程实施后的分析结果也表明，小学科学校本课程的开发和实施促进了学生的全面发展和教师专业水平。 本研究率先利用校内植物园资源，在我国小学科学校本课程领域，进行提升学生科学素养的校本课程开发的实践研究，是科学校本课程研究与实践上的一个创新。同时利用校内植物园的资源开发校本课程，促进了学生和教师能力的提升，为学校校本课程增加了亮点。本研究能为分析不同地区小学生科学素养的现有水平，研发小学科学校本课程提供一定的参考。

Science education has a direct impact on the formation and improvement of every citizen's scientific literacy, and the primary science curriculum plays an important role in the formation and improvement of elementary students' scientific literacy. In order to enable primary school students to study in a broader context of science courses, science teaching in schools can no longer be limited to textbooks, but must develop more diverse and rich curriculum resources. It is necessary to research and develop science school-based curriculum for primary school students to improve their scientific literacy. This study aims to explore the practical strategies of school-based curriculum to improve elementary students' scientific literacy and test the effectiveness of curriculum implementation ,based on the concept of scientific literacy and relevant theories of school-based curriculum development. In the "primary school science curriculum standards" issued by the ministry of education in 2017, improving the scientific literacy of every primary school student has become the core content in the implementation of science curriculum. The improvement of primary school students' scientific literacy level is mainly carried out by means of national science curriculum. With primary school students scientific literacy as the breakthrough point, this study USES the questionnaire survey from the theoretical analysis of the current situation and existing problems of primary school students scientific literacy is more outstanding dimensions, the interview method is adopted for full-time and part-time science teacher interviews, combined with the literature method, dig into primary school students scientific literacy status and its influencing factors, combing the connection between the school-based curriculum in elementary school students scientific literacy and scientific, from the practical level education experiment method is used to explore the use of school school-based curriculum to promote elementary school students scientific literacy level promotion way and actual effect. The purpose of this study is to promote the development and improvement of students in all aspects. This study was carried out in three primary schools in lanzhou city. Based on the investigation of students and the teaching environment in the school, the school-based course "let me be a little scientist" was developed by using the advantageous resources in the school -- botanical garden. The school-based course was implemented in three primary schools and finally evaluated scientifically. After the curriculum implementation, through to the students' learning effect T test using SPSS, the results showed that through learning of this course the students in the two aspects of scientific knowledge, scientific inquiry ability ability have a certain degree of increase, and does not change significantly in terms of scientific attitude, in general, the students' scientific literacy has a certain degree of improvement, this high effectiveness of curriculum implementation, achieve the goal of this course. The analysis results after the implementation of the curriculum also show that the development and implementation of school-based curriculum in primary school science promotes the overall development of students and the professional level of teachers. This study takes the lead in using the resources of the campus botanical garden to carry out practical research on the development of school-based curriculum for improving students' scientific literacy in the field of school-based curriculum of science in primary schools in China, which is an innovation in the research and practice of school-based curriculum of science. At the same time, the resources of the campus botanical garden were used to develop school-based curriculum, which promoted the improvement of students' and teachers' abilities and added highlights to school-based curriculum. This study can provide a reference for analyzing the current level of elementary school students' scientific literacy in different regions and developing school-based science courses in primary schools.