力致发光变色材料是一类在外力作用下发光颜色或强度可以发生明显改变的智能材料，此类材料在光学传感器、光存储等领域应用前景广阔。在外力作用下，分子聚集态结构发生改变是实现力致发光变色的主要途径。然而，由于聚集导致的发光淬灭（Aggregation-caused quenching，ACQ）使得传统发光材料在固态时很难观察到力致发光变色现象。聚集诱导发光（Aggregation-induced emission，AIE）现象的发现从根本上解决了聚集导致发光淬灭的难题。同时，大部分AIE化合物还具有结晶诱导荧光增强（Crystallization induced emission enhancement，CIEE）性质，且AIE化合物的螺旋桨构象使其在外界刺激下能够方便地在不同聚集态间可逆转变，这也使得AIE化合物成为力致发光变色材料的重要来源之一。在目前报道的AIE化合物中，引入电子给受体结构可使AIE化合物发光波长红移、且不同聚集态之间发光差异变大。因此，将电子给受体结构引入AIE化合物是开发高对比度力致发光变色材料的有效途径。分子发光类型按照激发态类型可分为荧光和磷光。纯有机化合物由于三重激发态自旋禁阻、热振动、分子间相互作用等原因在室温下几乎没有磷光。结晶诱导磷光（Crystallization induced phosphorescence，CIP）现象的发现打破了纯有机化合物没有磷光的传统观念，也使设计合成力致磷光变色化合物成为可能。本论文主要包括以下三方面的工作：（1）将电子给体结构——咔唑、二苯胺引入二苯甲酮分子，得到了2个具有比较明显的力致发光变色性质的化合物。同时，咔唑取代的二苯甲酮衍生物还具有力致磷光变色性质。其在氯仿溶液中培养得到的单晶磷光寿命长达373 ms，肉眼可以观察到磷光衰减过程。且可以通过加热、氯仿气氛刺激实现对其磷光“开关”的控制。（2）将电子给体结构——咔唑、二苯胺以及电子受体结构——氰基引入四苯基乙烯分子中，得到了2个具有明显的力致发光变色性质的电子给体-受体结构化合物。二者的发光可以在多种颜色之间进行可逆转变，且转变迅速、重复性良好。其中转变前后发光波长最大差别达到了74 nm。此类材料在光学记录、存储等领域应有很好的实际应用前景。（3）以1,4-联苯酰基苯、1,3,5-三苯酰基苯为主体结构设计合成了7个具有CIP性质的化合物。这一部分工作丰富了纯有机磷光材料的种类。

Mechanochromic luminescent materials, a class of “smart” materials exhibiting emission change upon mechanical stimuli, have drawn many attentions due to their potential application in sensors, optical data storage and so on. Examples of mechanochromic luminescent materials are still rare due to the aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) of normal panel-shaped luminogens. This problem was solved effectively by a novel phenomenon of aggregation induced emission (AIE). Many AIE active compounds exhibit crystallization induced emission enhancement (CIEE), and their propeller-like conformations facilitate their aggregates transforming among varied morphologies through external stimuli, which afford AIE compounds an important resource of mechanochromic luminescent materials.Recently, AIE active compounds with electron donor-acceptor structure to exhibit excellent mechanochromic luminescent properties, such as red-shift luminescence spectra, obvious difference in emissions of different aggregate states. Thus introducing electron donor-acceptor structure to AIE active compounds is an effective method to obtain mechanochromic luminescent materials with high contrast ratio.Phosphorescence is distinguished from fluorescence by the electronic transition from the excited triplet state rather than excited single state to the singlet ground state. However, pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent compounds are rather rare owing to spin-forbidden of triplet exciton transition, thermal perturbations and intramolecular motions. A new phenomenon of crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP) breaks the traditional view of pure organic compounds having no phosphorescence and makes it possible to design mechanochromic phosphorescent compounds.The following work is involved in this thesis:(1) By introducing electron donor groups – carbazolyl and diphenylamine to benzophenone molecules, two electron donor-acceptor structured compounds which exhibited mechanochromic luminescence were obtained. The carbazolyl group substituted benzophenone also exhibited mechanochromic phosphorescence. Its single crystal which is obtained by slow evaporation of its chloroform solution exhibited long-lived phosphorescence of 373 ms at room temperature, which can be observed by the naked eye. Its phosphorescence could turn on and off reversibly by chloroform vapor and thermal stimuli.(2) By introducing electron donor groups – carbazolyl and diphenylamine and electron acceptor groups – cyanogroup to tetraphenylethene molecules, two electron donor-acceptor structured compounds which exhibited obvious mechanochromic luminescence were obtained. Their emissions could be tuned reversibly among multiple colors. The transformation repeated well. The most obvious contrast of two different aggregate states was 74 nm. The work of this section has promising practical application in the field of optical data storage.(3) Seven CIP active compounds derived from 1,4-phenylenebis(phenylmethanone) and benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(phenylmethanone) were synthesized, respectively. The work of this section is important to design pure organic compounds.