正当防卫作为重要的刑法理论，一直处于学界的研究视野中。正当防卫理论中也存在诸多争议问题，尤其是有些行为在外观上具备了正当防卫的表象，但根据主客观一致的原则进行刑法上的评价时，会发现防卫人的主观认识和行为的客观事实存在不一致情形，即出现了错误。在分析正当防卫是否成立时，这些错误会发挥关键性的作用，并影响行为人的最终责任。本文将这些极易与正当防卫行为混淆的情形统称为假似防卫，以此概念做引，以防卫错误为视角对这些形似防卫的情形加以分析，完善其刑事责任的说理。 本文正文内容主要分为以下三个部分： 第一章主要围绕假似防卫的概念展开。结合假似防卫的情形和案例，分析假似防卫的行为的共同特点，对假似防卫与易混淆的行为进行界定，并简要介绍假似防卫行为的类型及各自的争议点。 第二章主要围绕错误论与防卫错误的关系进行理论探析。首先通过犯罪体系模式的差异阐明错误在不同犯罪论中的定位，并申明采取三阶层犯罪论作为本文的分析基础。其次，结合故意与违法性认识的理论变迁，反映出防卫错误在刑法上的处理原则。最后介绍了学术界对防卫错误的不同见解，提出独立错误的看法，为后文分析假似防卫行为的错误效果奠定基础。 第三章主要结合犯罪三阶层的体系结构和防卫错误的责任属性，针对假似防卫中出现的防卫错误是否可以避免进行分析，并予以刑法评价。首先，在防卫挑拨中，陷害意图将防卫挑拨与不属于防卫挑拨的挑衅行为区分开，并由此认为意图影响了防卫错误的产生；其次，在假想防卫中借助故意的双重机能展开错误性质的分析，最后，结合消极的防卫错误讨论偶然防卫中刑事违法性评价的理论分歧，并提出将错误效果作为量刑奖励的看法。

As one of the most ancient defense system, the justifiable defense has been the issue in the criminal legislation, justice and theory of the world. However, there are also many controversial issues in the justifiable defense. In particular, some behaviors have the appearance of justifiable defense, but when they were evaluated by the criminal law according to the principle of subjective and objective consistency, the subjective and objective fact of the behavior are inconsistent, that is, there is a mistake. In analyzing whether justifiable defense is in place, the mistake plays a key role and influence the ultimate responsibility of the actor. This article summarizes these behaviors that are easily confused with justifiable defense into pseudo-defense. This concept is used as a guide to analyze these behaviors with defensive appearance from the perspective of defense mistake and make a sound reasoning from criminal responsibility. The content of this article is divided into the following three parts: The first chapter focuses on the concept of pseudo-defense. It combining cases of pseudo-defense, analyzing the common characteristics of those behaviors that are like defense, then distinguishing between the pseudo-defense and confusing behaviors, and briefly introducing the types of pseudo-defense with their disputes respectively. The second chapter focuses on the theoretical analysis of the relationship between mistake theory and defense mistake. Firstly, it defines the position of mistakes in different crime theories and analyzes on the basis of three-level theory. Secondly, it reflects the method of dealing with defense mistake. Finally, it introduces the different views of academia on defense mistake, and puts forward the view of independent mistake, laying the foundation for the analyzing the effects of the pseudo-defense. The third chapter combines the three-level theory and the nature for liability of defense mistake, analyzing whether the defense mistake appearing in the pseudo-defense can be avoided and evaluated by criminal law. First of all, in the provocative defense, the intention to snare somebody distinguishes the provocative defense from the provocative behavior that does not belong to the provocative defense, and this intention influences the emergence of defense mistake; secondly, in the imaginative defense, it is necessary to use the dual function of legal willfulness. The discuss, in the end, combined with the negative defense mistake, demonstrates the theoretical differences in the criminal illegal evaluation in the occasional defense, and put forward the idea of using the defense mistake as a sentinel reward.