试论欧洲人文精神与创作技巧对老舍小说创作的影响 摘　要 作为一名文化型学者，老舍对中西方文化兼收并蓄。其中，欧洲文化对老舍的思想和创作产生的影响是比较深远的。包括但丁、狄更斯、近代俄国文学、基督教、康拉德、意识流小说在内的作家作品、教义思想、文学流派都对老舍人文思想的形成与创作技巧的提高起到很大的促进作用。 人文精神对老舍思想的影响突出地表现在但丁的民族意识激励了老舍的爱国情怀、近代俄国文学关注小人物命运的人性化推动老舍对底层平民的悲悯与尊重、基督教义的熏陶使老舍积极倡导宽恕与牺牲精神。老舍对欧洲作家创作技巧的借鉴则表现在对康拉德与意识流小说结构的模仿、对狄更斯诙谐幽默讽刺风格的借鉴和对俄国文学细腻心理描绘手法的尝试等方面。在国家命运与个人境遇的双重影响下，老舍对欧洲文化思想持辩证接受的态度。他既认同与肯定英国法治社会的文明与进步，又对具有功利主义色彩的基督教神职人员和教徒进行了否定与批判。 同时，老舍自觉地将欧洲人文精神融于自身的小说创作中。他关注市民生活，审视平民灵魂，探寻包括城市女性在内的底层人物的精神悲剧，并对国民性格的缺陷及其成因进行深入的剖析与挖掘。对现实日渐理性的认识使老舍认识到，知识和人格的确立是民族出路的必备，变革观念与民族性格的重塑是民族发展与前进的必然。

On European Humanism Spirit and Creative Skill’s Influence To Lao She’s Novel Creation ABSTRACT As one cultural scholar, Lao She incorporates East and West culture of diverse nature. Among them, European culture has farther influence on Lao She’s ideology and creation. The authors, works, doctrine thinking, literary streams of Dante Alighieri, Dickens, modern Russian literature, Christianity, Joseph Conrad all help forward for the forming of Lao She’s humanism spirit and promoting of creative writing skill. Humanism spirit’s influence to Lao She’s ideology conspicuously shows that Dante Alighieri’ s national consciousness stirs Lao She’s patriotic feeling; modern Russian literature’s focusing on individuality of nonentity’s fate gives impetus to Lao She’s pity and respect to the people at the bottom of the society; Christian doctrine’s nurture makes Lao She initiate tolerance and sacrifice. Lao She uses the experiment of creative writing skill from European writers to display his imitation from Joseph Conrad and conscious-stream novels, his reference from Dickens’ humorous and irony style, his attempt from Russian literary subtle psychological description. With double-edge influence of individual encounter and national destiny, Lao She holds dialectical attitude towards European cultural ideology. He not only agrees the civilization and development of rules by law in Britain and but also denies Christian clergies and believers who had utilitarianism. At the same time, Lao She mixes European humanism spirit to his own novel creation. He concentrates on citizen life, observes ordinary people’s soul, seeks for ciphers’ mental tragedy including citizen females, analyzes and digs national character flaws and the formation. Lao She’s gradual ration to reality makes him realize that knowledge and personality are the essentials for a nation’s way out, notional renovation and national character rebuilding are the necessity of a nation’s development and advancement.