背景：农村地区的留守儿童属于我国儿童群体中较为特殊的部分，由于父母长期外出务工，致使农村留守儿童出现抑郁风险增加的问题更加值得关注。已有研究发现，农村留守儿童的家庭社会经济地位、抗逆力及抑郁之间有一定关系，但是却很少发现将这三个变量相结合起来的研究。

研究方法：本研究以四川省南充市西充县三所农村初中的730名学生为被试，采用问卷调查的方法来研究农村留守儿童的家庭社会经济地位、抗逆力及抑郁之间的关系。测量工具包括家庭社会经济地位问卷、流调中心抑郁量表和青少年心理韧性量表等。采用差异分析、相关分析和中介效应检验等统计方法对相关数据进行合理的分析。

研究结论：第一，农村留守儿童与农村非留守儿童的家庭社会经济地位、抗逆力与抑郁方面都存在显著差异，具体表现为：（1）家庭社会经济地位方面：农村留守儿童与农村非留守儿童间存在显著差异，农村留守儿童的家庭社会经济地位比农村非留守儿童低；（2）抗逆力方面：情绪控制、积极认知、家庭支持、抗逆力在农村留守儿童与农村非留守儿童之间均存在显著差异，且农村非留守儿童均高于农村留守儿童；目标专注、人际协助在农村留守儿童与农村非留守儿童间差异不显著。（3）抑郁方面：农村留守儿童和农村非留守儿童间存在明显的差异，农村留守儿童在抑郁项得分高于农村非留守儿童。第二，家庭社会经济地位与农村留守儿童抑郁呈显著负相关，家庭社会经济地位与农村留守儿童抗逆力呈显著正相关，农村留守儿童的抗逆力与抑郁呈显著负相关。第三，农村留守儿童抗逆力在家庭社会经济地位与抑郁间存在部分中介作用，家庭社会经济地位既可以直接影响抑郁，还可以通过抗逆力间接影响抑郁。

根据上述研究结论，本研究提出以下两点社会工作启示：一、综合运用多工作方法，提升农村留守儿童抗逆力；二、多主体参与，为农村留守儿童提供良好的成长环境。

Background: Left-behind children in rural areas belong to a special group of children in China. As their parents work outside for a long time, the increased risk of depression in left-behind children in rural areas deserves more attention. Previous studies have found that there is a certain relationship between family socioeconomic status, resilience and depression of left-behind children in rural areas, but few studies have combined these three variables.

Research Methods: This study took 730 students from three rural junior middle schools in Xizong County, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province as subjects. Questionnaires were used to study the relationship between family socio-economic status, resilience and depression of left-behind children in rural areas. The measurement tools included family socioeconomic status questionnaire, Flow center Depression Scale and adolescent resilience Scale. Statistical methods such as difference analysis, correlation analysis and mediation effect test were used to analyze the relevant data reasonably.

Research conclusions: first, the rural left-behind children and left-behind children in the family socioeconomic status, art force and depression have significant differences, embodied in: (1) the family social economy status: rural left-behind children and non left-behind children, there were significant differences between the rural left-behind children in the family social and economic status is lower than the left-behind children; (2) Resilience: there are significant differences in emotional control, positive cognition, family support and resilience between rural left-behind children and non-left-behind children, and non-left-behind children are higher than rural left-behind children; There was no significant difference between the left-behind children and the unleft-behind children in terms of goal focus and interpersonal assistance. (3) Depression: there is a significant difference between rural left-behind children and non-rural left-behind children. Rural left-behind children score higher in depression than non-rural left-behind children. Second, there is a significant negative correlation between family socioeconomic status and depression of rural left-behind children, and a significant positive correlation between family socioeconomic status and resilience of rural left-behind children, and a significant negative correlation between resilience and depression of rural left-behind children. Thirdly, there is a partial mediating effect between family socioeconomic status and depression in rural left-behind children's resilience. Family socioeconomic status can directly affect depression, and also indirectly affect depression through resilience.

According to the above research results, this study puts forward the following two social work inspirations: First, comprehensively apply multi-working methods to improve the resilience of rural left-behind children; Two, multi-subject participation, to provide a good growth environment for rural left-behind children.