本文通过对刘咸炘《一事论》文本内容的分析，指出《一事论》中的“学”，从本质上来说应是“成人之学”。“学”的根本范畴不是对概念或规律的吸纳和记忆，而是学做人，学习人“生而为人”应当知晓的、蕴藏在人天性中的道德；“学”的目的并非是一味地追求深刻的思辨或者对外部世界的究极理解，而是使人能够完善自己的德性，能够将德性投入到自己的行为中，满足生活实践的需要。人进行学习的原因，是为了使自己的行为能够向善。“情意为本，知识为用”，强调治情意为本，而致知识为用，区分二者的主次之别。恻隐、羞恶、辞让皆属情意。情意之知付诸生活实践，便内发伦理道德以修身养性，达到成人之学的最终目标。人先天之性来自于理气之粹，先天之性“齐”；后天之性则受三物二事影响，被视为“不齐”。因此，人应当“率性”、“修道”以生发先天之性，扩大人本心已有之善来修正由于后天习得而导致的不善。宇宙以人为中心，学习的过程即是人与万物感应的过程。中国传统教育哲学借助“知行合于学”的方式，强调“天人合一”的宇宙观，希望使人最终达到“天地境界”体验。个人是社会的基础，成人之学之修己身的过程就是个体生发善的过程；人人皆修己身，又可感应个体，促使个体向善,达成“正心，修身，齐家，治国，平天下”之最高理想。

Based on the analysis of the text content of Liu Xianxin's <Yi Shi Lun>, this paper points out that "learning" in <Yi Shi Lun> should be "Learning to Be Human" in essence. The fundamental category of "learning" is not the absorption and memory of concepts or laws, but the morality contained in human nature, which should be known by human beings when they learn to be human beings; the purpose of "learning" is not to pursue the deep thinking or understanding of the external world, but to make people perfect their own virtue and meet the needs of life practice. The reason for learning is to make one's behavior better. "Emotion is the basis, knowledge is the use", emphasizing the treatment of emotion is the basis, and knowledge is the use, to distinguish the primary and secondary. Compassion, shame, and resignation are all emotions. When the knowledge of emotion is put into practice, ethics and morality will be developed to cultivate one's personality and achieve the ultimate goal of adult learning. People's innate nature comes from the essence of Qi, and the innate nature is "Bu Qi"; the acquired nature is affected by three things and two things, and the acquired nature is "Qi". Therefore, people should be "Shuai Xing" and "Xiu Dao" of the innate nature, expand the goodness of the original mind to correct the bad caused by the acquired. The universe is human centered, and the process of learning is the process of induction between man and all things. Chinese traditional philosophy has realized the ideal way of "knowledge and practice combined with learning", which can make the knowledge theory of "studying the heaven and man", the cosmology of "heaven and man combined with one" and the philosophy of life of "cultivating Qi and governing Ping", and finally achieve the philosophy of life of "heaven and earth realm". The individual is the foundation of society, and the process of self-cultivation of adult learning is the process of individual's growth and development of good; everyone can cultivate himself, and also can sense the individual, and promote the individual to be good, to achieve the highest idea of "correct mind, self-cultivation, family alignment, governance, and world peace".