强关联材料的宏观物性通常与晶格、自旋和轨道自由度等之间强烈的耦合作用有关，并且具有丰富的相图。对强关联材料进行超快X射线散射实验,能够促进理解和控制这些纠缠态的物理性质。本文阐明了超快X射线散射的基本原理、具体实验技术以及主要类型。同时针对X射线在固体材料中的动力学研究,本文详尽地介绍了超快领域在光致超导、光致相变和光致解耦这三个方向已经开展的具体研究工作。通过总结和思考前人的结果,对该领域目前尚未解决的重要问题做出了一定的概述,比如说需要不断改进实验仪器的强度和分辨率, 实现时间分辨的超快X射线散射，致力于测量低能激发以及寻找有意义的适合具体研究的固体材料。

The strong interactions between electronic spin, orbitals and lattice produces the rich phase diagrams in the strongly correlated materials. The ultrafast X-ray scattering provides an effective way to understand and control the physical properties of these materials. After the descriptions of the basic principle, experimental technique, and main types of ultrafast X-ray scattering, this article reviews recent ultrafast works in three directions: light-induced transient superconducting, light-induced transition and light-induced decoupling. By going through all these works, we provide the perspective on some important issues that have not been resolved in the ultrafast field. Including, improve the intensity and resolution of the experimental apparatus to measure the low-energy excitation, search and realize the interesting quantum phenomena with time-resolved ultrafast X-ray scattering.